共同体的困境之思——论莫里森小说中的共同体思想嬗变

Thoughts on Predicament of Community:On Evolution of Community Thoughts in Morrison's Novels

共同体是莫里森小说反复出现的主题之一,但其共同体思想的发展性和进步性历来多被忽略。基于滕尼斯和鲍曼等人的共同体理论,文章对莫里森三部小说中的共同体思想进行解读,以期把握其嬗变历程:在《秀拉》中,莫里森不仅批评了男性专制的共同体,而且指明了个体沦为极端“独体”的危害;在《宠儿》中,她阐明了奴隶制逻辑内黑人建构的血缘及地缘共同体极易幻灭的困境,但同时也指明了黑人族群建立以尊重个体和深度交流为基础的深度共同体的可行性;在《天堂》中,通过描写两个“天堂”的陨落,她揭示了黑人族群的理想共同体在现实中无法维系的这一事实,并描绘了通往共同体的一条现实出路:即建立一个以开放包容为基础的、共属所有人的“天堂”。

"Community"is one of the reoccurring themes in Morrison's novels,but its developmental and progressive nature has long been neglected.In light of Tönnies'and Bauman's community theories,this paper interprets Morrison's community thoughts in Sula,Beloved,and Paradise to comprehend its evolutionary course:in Sula,Morrison not only criticizes the male despotism in the community but also points out the perniciousness of extreme"singularity";in Beloved,she elucidates the predicament that,within the logic of slavery,the community of blood and the community of place are inordinately fragile while also illustrates the feasibility of constructing a deep community with the premises of respect for individuality and communication;in Paradise,she discloses the fact that the ideal community of the black ethnic group is unable to sustain itself in reality,and meanwhile draws a sketch of a realistic path to community,namely the construction of a common"paradise"based on openness and inclusiveness.