残障人教育机会不平等影响因素及测度——基于J省的实证分析

Influence Factors of Educational Opportunity Inequality for the Disabled and Their Measurement:Based on the Empirical Analysis of J Province

识别和测度教育机会不平等是实现残障人教育公正的基本前提。从J省残疾人基础调查数据库抽取17165个样本,分教育阶段和出生时期进行回归,并计算残障人教育机会不平等的D指数。研究发现:城乡、性别、障碍类别和等级是影响教育机会获得的重要因素,居住在农村、障碍程度严重以及智力、多重和言语残障人所获得的教育机会相对较少,当然,各时期和各教育阶段的影响程度均有所差异。为此,要践行“残障人是人类大家庭平等成员”理念,努力缩小地区与城乡间残障人教育布局差异,创新残障人接受教育形式,增进教育机会平等,确保为残障人提供适合的而非同质的教育,促进教育机会平等的真正实现。

Identifying and measuring the inequality of educational opportunity is the basic foundation for realizing education equity for the disabled.This article takes 17,165 samples from the Basic Survey of Disabled Persons in J Province,carried out regression analysis by education stage and birth period,and calculated the D-index of inequality of educational opportunities for the disabled.It is found that urban and rural differences,gender,types and grades of disability are important factors affecting the access to educational opportunities.The disabled living in rural areas,having severe disability or with intellectual,multiple or speech disabilities get relatively fewer educational opportunities.Of course,the degree of influence varies in different birth periods and education stages.Therefore,it is necessary to practice the concept that the disabled are equal members of the human family,strive to narrow differences in educational arrangement between regions and between urban and rural areas,and innovate the forms of education for the disabled to improve the equality of educational opportunities,so as to ensure the provision of suitable rather than homogeneous education for the disabled and promote the true realization of equality of educational opportunities.