利益分化视角下大学生“非常态”社会行为和精神样态分析

An Analysis of“Abnormal”Social Behaviors and Mental States Among College Students from the Perspective of Interest Differentiation

20世纪90年代以来,部分大学生中出现了诸如“精致利己主义”“佛系”“躺平”等“非常态”的社会行为和精神样态。以往研究要么将之归咎于道德教化不足,要么从教育场域中寻找成因。与之不同的是,基于利益分化视角的分析结果表明,导致所谓的“非常态”行为和精神样态的宏观因素是社会经济利益分化凸显及其运行机制的变化,微观作用机制则是地位焦虑和个体理性。因此,要改变大学生的精神样态,不仅需要大学教育本身的改革和优化,更有赖于整个社会情境的优化。其中降低社会经济利益分化的程度,推动均衡发展,实现共同富裕才是问题解决的最终路径。

Since the 1990s,“abnormal”social behaviors and mental states such as“exquisite egoism”,“buddhalike”and“lying down”have emerged among some college students.Previous studies either blamed it on the lack of moral education or looked for causes in the field of education.In contrast,the analysis results of the paper from the perspective of benefit differentiation show that the macro factors leading to the socalled“abnormal”behaviors and mental states are the highlighting of socioeconomic benefit differentiation and the change of its operating mechanism,while the micro mechanism is status anxiety and individual rationality.Therefore,to change the mental states of college students not only demands the reform and optimization of university education itself,but also depends on the optimization of the whole social situation.Among others,reducing the degree of social and economic benefit differentiation,promoting balanced development and realizing common prosperity is the ultimate way to solve the problem.