社会资本与贫困农户的健康脆弱性:抑制还是促进?——基于中国家庭追踪调查数据

Social Capital and the Health Vulnerability of Poor Farmers:Inhibition or Promotion?——Based on the Data from the China Household Tracking Survey

社会结构的变迁引致农户的社会资本积累路径与获得要求朝着新方向演进。从社会资本数量、质量视角出发,对存在“返贫”风险的农户健康贫困进行分析,对于促进乡村振兴与提升健康素养意义重大。文章基于CFPS微观调查数据,采用预期的贫困脆弱性(VEP)方法衡量了贫困农户的健康脆弱性,深度检验了社会资本质量、数量与“返贫”农户健康脆弱性的关系。研究发现,社会资本数量有利于降低“返贫”农户的身体脆弱性,但是显著提高了“返贫”农户的心理脆弱性与交往脆弱性。社会资本质量则对“返贫”农户的三种脆弱性均具有显著的抑制作用。两者之间的减贫差异源于“返贫”农户的消费支出规模与创业动机存在不同,最终引致两者之间的未来要素投入规模呈现“分流”态势,从而为社会资本数量与社会资本质量的健康扶贫差异提供了合理解释。在乡村振兴与城乡融合并行的趋势下,政府需要加速推进新农村建设,帮助“返贫”农户拓展社会资本质量累积路径,加快推进新时期健康扶贫政策的转型和有效实施。

Changes in social structure have led to the evolution of farmers’social capital accumulation paths and access requirements in new directions.It is of great significance to promote the rural revitalization and improve the health quality from the perspective of the quantity and quality of social capital,the analysis of the health and poverty of farmers with the risk of“returning to poverty”.Based on CFPS micro-survey data,this paper measures the health vulnerability of poor farmers by using the expected poverty vulnerability(VEP)method,and deeply examines the relationship between the quality and quantity of social capital and the health vulnerability of“returning-to-poverty”farmers.The study has found that the amount of social capital is conducive to reduce the physical vulnerability of farmers who have returned to poverty,but significantly improve their psychological vulnerability and communication vulnerability.The quality of social capital has a significant inhibitory effect on the three vulnerabilities the farmers.The difference in poverty reduction between the two stems from the difference between the scale of consumption expenditure and entrepreneurial motivation of the“returning-to-poverty”farmers,which eventually leads to a“diversion”trend in the scale of future factor input between the two,thus providing a reasonable explanation for the difference between the quantity and the quality of social capital for healthy poverty alleviation.Under the trend of rural revitalization and urban-rural integration,the government needs to accelerate the construction of new rural areas,help"returning-to-poverty"farmers to expand the cumulative path of social capital quality,and accelerate the transformation and effective implementation of healthy poverty alleviation policies in the new era.