中国画笔墨经验中的身体化诗性知识

The Poetic Knowledge of Body in the Bimo Experience of Chinese Painting

理论知识是基于视觉中心的对象化观审,而诗性知识则源于身心整体的触感觉知。后者突出体现在中国画的笔墨观物之义中。中国画的观物思想奠基于《易经》的以身体物之上。以身体物,就能与物形成生命对话,观入物化。能观物化,则能写天地生意,能“抓取”和“触及”事物。“触物”之法即笔墨。笔墨非仅工具之谓,其本质乃身体之触物。笔墨之所以能触物,在于笔墨是身心整体的触感觉知。在基于笔锋触觉的笔墨运动中,所画之物的物形并不是在视觉的审视之下设计出来的,而是从绘画之人的身体形气中“生长”出来的。人的身体是“形气”,物形也是有生命的物化之象。笔墨就是身体形气与物化之象的生命对话,这便是谢赫六法所谓“气韵生动”的发生学原理。以此,身体便可以通过笔墨来体物观化,也可以通过笔墨来画入物化过程。此意在苏轼所论的“其身与竹化”中得到了形象而深刻的说明。

Theoretical knowledge is based on optical centralism and the objective observation, while poetic knowledge comes from the feeling, especially the tactile sense, of the whole body and mind. The latter is embodied in the language of bimo(brush and ink) of Chinese painting. The way of things-watching in Chinese painting comes from The Book of Changes, in which the things are touched by the embodied experience. Through the embodied things-watching, one can integrate into the transformation of the things and develop a living dialogue with things. Thereafter, the lives of things can be written and the things can be touched by the brush and ink. The essence of bimo is not only the tool of painting, but rather the way of touching things with the body. A painter can touch things through bimo, because bimo is the integral tactile sense of the unity of body and mind. In the tactile movement of bimo, the shapes of the painted things are not designed by the painter, but rather grow out from the qi-transformed body. Not only the body of the painter, but also the painted things, are all be qitransformed in the process of painting. The essence of bimo is in fact the living dialogue between the qitransformed body and the xiang(image) produced in the qi-transformation of things. This is what happens in the first principle “living qi” in Xie He’s six principles of painting. According to the principle of “living qi”, the body can integrate into the process of qi-transformation of the painted things. What happens here has been profoundly described in Su Shi’s verse “the painter’s body is transformed into the painted bamboo”.