古代迎合型自污的政治哲学阐释——以萧何买田为例进行的考察

An Interpretation of Ancient Pander-type Self-Stigma in a Perspective of Political Philosophy

迎合型自污是古代权臣面对君主猜忌而做出的故意自损名声的行为。萧何通过买田自污的方式迎合汉高祖,这是秦汉天道盛衰哲学背景下的以辱求全。秦汉帝制确立后,面对皇权的强大压力,臣属的自污行为逐渐被抽象成一种政治符号,象征着臣属对君权的臣服和对权力的疏离,不过自污在顺从集权的同时也瓦解了集权。迎合型自污面临着无法克服的伦理困境,除了在传统的儒家、法家理论中难以获得支持,在现代政治哲学中也很难得到正当性论证。自污作为历史现象,通过史家有目的的筛选、归类、记录,逐渐剥离于最初“盛衰流转”“贵柔不争”的天道哲学而成为一种政治性生存策略。

By forcibly occupying field and insulting reputation Xiao He catered to Emperor Gaozu of Han, which was a behavior of living on in degradation in the background of Heaven philosophy in Qin and Han dynasties. After the imperial system establishment in Qin and Han dynasties, officials had to face to enormous pressure from imperial power. Furthermore, their self-stigma behaviors were gradually abstracted into a political symbol, symbolizing obedience to the monarchy and alienation of power. The pander-type self-stigma faced an insurmountable ethical dilemma;it was difficult to obtain support neither from traditional Confucian and Legalist theories nor modern political philosophy. Self-stigma as a historical phenomenon, selected and reworded by historians, gradually stripped off the original philosophy of soft and anti-competition and became into a political survival strategy.