细茎针茅的园林应用、生物学和生态学特性及风险评估

Landscape Application,Biological and Ecological Characteristics of Stipa tenuissima and Its Risk Assessment

细茎针茅为禾本科多年生草本植物,原产于美洲,现归化于欧洲、澳大利亚及新西兰、非洲等地。细茎针茅于2000年前后引入我国,作为观赏植物引种栽培和应用。目前已应用于上海、江苏、云南、浙江、四川、重庆、福建、广东、北京、天津、河北、山东和甘肃等地的园林绿化中,具有广泛的生态适应性和环境抗逆性且耐粗放管理,常在生态园林建设中推广普及。通过对文献和资料的整理及实地观测,在了解细茎针茅生物学、生态学特性及分布扩散模式等的基础上,采用中欧风险评估体系(WG-WRA)和澳大利亚杂草风险评估体系(WRA)对其进行入侵风险评估。风险评估结果表明,细茎针茅在我国北方地区因无法安全露地越冬而入侵风险较小,2种风险评估的入侵分值分别为14、19分;但是在南方地区其入侵风险略高,入侵分值分别为16、21分。细茎针茅适应性强且种子产量极高,具有在新环境中归化和入侵的风险。因此,在对其引种和推广应用时,必须加强管理和监测,并做好相应的防控工作。

Stipa tenuissima is a gramineous herb,which was originated from the America,and now naturalized in regions such as Europe,Australia and New Zealand,and Africa.Around 2000,it was introduced and cultivated as ornamental plants in China.At present,it has been applied in landscape in Jiangsu,Shanghai,Zhejiang,Sichuan,Chongqing,Fujian,Guangdong,Yunnan,Beijing,Tianjin,Hebei,Shandong,Gansu,etc..S.tenuissima is often popularized in the construction of ecological gardens for its environmental adaptability and resistance.Through the collation of literature and data and field survey,two kinds of risk assessment systems,the Risk Assessment for Central Europe(WG-WRA)and the Australian Weed Risk Assessment system(WRA),were adopted to evaluate the potential risk of S.tenuissima basing on its biological and ecological characteristics,distribution and dispersal mode.The results showed that S.tenuissima had relative low potential risk in northern China with scores of 14 and 19,respectively;whileithad a little higher risk of invasion in southern China with scores of 16 and 21 according to WG-WRA and WRA.S.tenuissima with risk of naturalization and invasion in the new environment yielded many seeds,and had a good adaptability.Thus,management measures and pre-alarming should be taken to prevent and control plant invasions for intentional introduction and application in the future.