网络时代论元宇宙中的民事权利

Civil rights in the Metaverse

与现实世界相比,元宇宙具有虚拟性、智能性、去中心化特质,其引发民事权利主体、客体和内容的深刻变革。为此,有必要重新建构元宇宙中的民事权利制度。有必要确定虚拟人的法律地位,赋予其独立的民事主体资格,并将其与自然人主体资格相区分。元宇宙中的民事权利客体同样包括人格权客体与财产权客体。作为虚拟人同样享有生命、健康、姓名、隐私、名誉等人格要素,其虽与自然人的人格要素同名但非同质,有必要给予其全新的准确内涵。虚拟物、智力成果、行为又将成为元宇宙财产权的客体。关于元宇宙中权利内容的变革与设计,虚拟人的人格权将被赋予全新内涵,虚拟物权、知识产权、债权又将共同构成元宇宙中的财产权。总之,伴随着科技发展,元宇宙民事权利的内涵与外延还将不断丰富,它又将成为元宇宙这一全新市民社会良性运行的根本保障。

Metaverse creates a new platform for games,social networking,education,commerce and scientific research.Compared with the real world,Metaverseis characterized by virtuality,intelligence and decentralization,which leads to profound changes in the subject,object and content of civil rights.Therefore,it is necessary to reconstruct the civil rights system in the Metaverse.The virtual personsshould be legally defined as independent civil subjects who,though different from natural persons,enjoy personality rights and property rights.To be specific,they have personality elements such as life,health,name,privacy and reputation,which though share the same names with those of a natural person,now needs unambiguous definition.Their property rights include virtual object,intellectual achievement and behavior.With the development of science and technology,the definition of civil rights in the Metaversemust expand so as to maintain the order in the virtual civil society.