医学人类学视角下《拉罗斯》中结核病和东西医学文化之争

Tuberculosis and the Dispute between Eastern and Western Medicine Cultures in LaRose from the Perspective of Medical Anthropology

《拉罗斯》是路易斯·厄德里克“正义三部曲”的收官之作。作品通过家族四代拉罗斯感染肺结核的事实,揭示了印第安民族被殖民的历史。文章从医学人类学视野出发,结合殖民医学视角通过分析肺结核的文化隐喻意义,批判了殖民统治的黑暗腐化,揭露了西方殖民者的伪善面目;同时,揭示了以西方医学科技和殖民医生哈尼弗特·埃姆斯为代表的西方理性带给印第安民族和文化的灾难,而印第安整体医学中的健康观、仪式疗法、音乐疗法所体现的人与人相互联系、人与自然和谐共处、和谐、爱的文化整体观则充满了旺盛的生命力,从而质疑了殖民医学的进步性、西方文明的优越性,批判了短暂的西方理性,并表明了东方医学整体观的有效性和文化的永恒性。

LaRose is the final work of Louise Erdrich's“Justice Trilogy”.Through the fact that four generations'LaRose in the family are all infected with tuberculosis,this work discloses the Indian nation's colonization history.Based on the theory of medical anthropology and the perspective of colonial medicine,this paper criticizes the dark corruption of colonial rule and exposes the hypocrisy of western colonists by analyzing the cultural metaphor meaning of tuberculosis.At the same time,it reveals the disaster brought to Indian nation and culture by western rationality represented by western medical technology and colonial doctor Hanifert Ames.The holistic view of Indian culture,the mutual connection among people,the harmony between human and nature,harmony and love,reflected in holistic medical treatment,such as,wellness,music and ritual therapy,is full of exuberant vitality.Thus it questions the progress of colonial medicine and the western rationality.It also shows the validity of the holistic view of eastern medicine and the perpetuity of eastern culture.