SH⁃SY5Y细胞的神经分化与神经退行性疾病

SHSY5Y cells’neural differentiation and neurodegenerative diseases

SH⁃SY5Y细胞来源于人骨髓,是神经母细胞瘤细胞系的亚克隆,其形态、生理、生化功能与人体细胞相似,可转化为神经元样细胞,表现出一系列具有高度指导意义的神经生物学特性,且具有可简单快速地大规模扩增、可重复性、低成本维持、与原代神经元的培养相比没有伦理问题等优势,被广泛运用于神经系统疾病的体外实验研究中。SH⁃SY5Y细胞可以制备成未分化和分化两种形式,通过多种分化方案可使细胞分化为更接近于人体内成熟的神经元样细胞。不同的分化方案可使SH⁃SY5Y细胞表达不同的神经元表型,且表现出应用于不同疾病病理生理机制研究的优点和局限性,使其更适合研究神经退行性疾病,例如帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病等。该文就SH⁃SY5Y细胞的神经分化方法及其在神经退行性疾病实验研究中的应用进行综述。

SHSY5Y cells are a subclone of a neuroblastoma cell line derived from human bone marrow.With similar morphological,physiological,and biochemical characteristics to human cells,SHSY5Y cells can be transformed into neuronlike cells,showing a range of highly instructive neurobiological characteristics.They are widely used in in vitro experimental studies of nervous system diseases,based on the advantages of simple and rapid largescale expansion,reproducibility,and lowcost maintenance and with no ethical concerns associated with primary neuron culture.SHSY5Y cells can be prepared into undifferentiated and differentiated forms.Through various differentiation protocols,SHSY5Y cells can differentiate into neuronlike cells which are more approximate to mature human neurons.With different differentiation protocols,SHSY5Y cells express different neuronal phenotypes,showing their pros and cons when applied in research on the pathophysiological mechanisms of different diseases,and they are more suitable for the studies of neurodegenerative diseases,such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease.This paper reviews the neural differentiation methods of SHSY5Y cells and their application in the experimental studies of neurodegenerative diseases.