妊娠期B族链球菌感染的影响因素及妊娠结局分析

Influencing factors and pregnancy outcomes of group B streptococcus infection during pregnancy

目的探讨妊娠期B族链球菌(GBS)感染的高危因素,并分析其对妊娠结局的影响。方法选取厦门市某医院妇产科2019年11月—2021年10月收治的100例GBS感染(GBS筛查呈阳性)孕妇作为观察组;选择同期GBS未感染(GBS筛查呈阴性)的100例健康孕妇作为对照组。收集2组孕妇一般信息,包括年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、流产史、经产史、合并症(糖尿病、高血压、细菌性阴道炎)、既往GBS感染史、妊娠结局。比较2组孕妇一般资料,分析妊娠期GBS感染的高危因素;比较2组孕妇不良妊娠结局。结果2组孕妇年龄、BMI、合并妊娠糖尿病、合并妊娠高血压、合并细菌性阴道炎、GBS感染史等资料比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:年龄≥35岁、有细菌性阴道炎、有GBS感染史均为影响妊娠期GBS感染的独立因素(P<0.05)。观察组孕妇不良妊娠结局发生率为20.00%,高于对照组的6.00%,同时观察组新生儿不良妊娠结局发生率为15.00%,高于对照组的5.00%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论年龄≥35岁、有细菌性阴道炎、有GBS感染史均为影响妊娠期GBS感染的独立因素,且GBS感染易增加不良妊娠结局风险,从而临床应积极采取GBS感染预防策略,以降低孕妇及新生儿不良妊娠结局风险。

Objective To investigate the risk factors of group B streptococcus(GBS)infection during pregnancy,and to analyze its effect on pregnancy outcome.Methods A total of 100 pregnant women with GBS infection(positive GBS screening)who visited the department of obstetrics and gynecology of a hospital in Xiamen from November 2019 to October 2021 were selected as subjects for the observation group.A number of 100 healthy pregnant women without GBS infection(negative GBS screening)during the same period were selected for the control group.General information of the pregnant women in the two groups was collected,including age,body mass index(BMI),history of miscarriage,history of multiparity,comorbidities(diabetes,hypertension,bacterial vaginitis),history of previous GBS infection and pregnancy outcome.The general data of pregnant women in the two groups were compared,and the risk factors of GBS infection during pregnancy were analyzed;the adverse pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women in the two groups were compared.Results There were statistically significant differences in maternal age,BMI,gestational diabetes,gestational hypertension,bacterial vaginosis,and history of GBS infection between the two groups(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age≥35,bacterial vaginitis,and history of GBS infection were independent factors in GBS infection during pregnancy(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women in the observation group was 20.00%,higher than that in the control group(6.00%),while the incidence of neonatal adverse pregnancy outcomes in the observation group was 15.00%,higher than that in the control group(5.00%),and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Our study suggests that age≥35,bacterial vaginosis,and history of GBS infection are all independent factors in GBS infection during pregnancy,and GBS infection can easily increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.Therefore,GBS infection prevention strategies should be actively adopted in clinical practice to reduce the risk of pregnancy and adverse neonatal pregnancy outcomes.