马克思《黑格尔法哲学批判》的人民立场探析

An Analysis of the People’s Position in Marx’s“Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right”

《黑格尔法哲学批判》是马克思拷问黑格尔式理性国家、开始建构新型国家观的重要书稿,从头到尾贯彻着马克思的人民立场。在这部书稿中,马克思将黑格尔头足倒置的国家观进行了复位,得出市民社会决定国家的核心结论;扬弃黑格尔为君主立宪制辩护的双重主权论,阐述了自己关于人民主权的观点;强调立法权规约着国家制度的具体结构和现实形态,主张立法权属于人民;真实还原了官僚政治的丑陋面相,要求国家事务的管理权由人民掌握。通过考察以上命题和论断,可以看到“人民是国家存在的决定者”“人民是国家主权的所有者”“人民是国家制度的制定者”“人民是国家事务的管理者”构成马克思人民立场的主要意旨。

“Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right”is an important manuscript in which Marx criticized Hegel’s rational state and started to construct a new state view,which carries out Marx’s people’s position from beginning to end.In this manuscript,Marx reset Hegel’s inverted state view,and reached the core conclusion that civil society determined the state.He sublated Hegel’s theory of dual sovereignty which justified constitutional monarchy,and elaborated his own views on people’s sovereignty in detail.He also emphasized that legislative power regulated the concrete structure and realistic form of the state system,and advocated that legislative power belonged to the people.The ugly face of bureaucracy is restored.The management of state affairs should be controlled by the people.By exploring the above conclusions,we can see that the people are the deciders of the existence of the state,the owners of the state sovereignty,the makers of the state system and the managers of the state affairs,which constitute the main content of Marx’s people’s position.