飞轮离心超负荷训练应用研究进展

Research Progress of Flywheel Eccentric Overload Training Application

通过对飞轮应用方法和安全性问题进行探讨,综述国内外相关文献。研究发现:1)飞轮训练的作用机制可能受SSC模式下的离心超负荷、个性化的适应性阻力和神经系统动员的影响;2)飞轮训练可以预防卧床休息期间废用性肌萎缩的发生和提高老年人的生活质量表现;3)飞轮训练可以降低运动损伤的发生率,并且对膝关节与肌腱损伤患者和脑卒中患者的康复治疗具有积极作用,但其机制尚不清楚;4)急性条件下的飞轮训练可以有效募集和动员肌肉(尤其是股四头肌和腘绳肌)参与运动,并且可以诱导激活PAP效应,但关于飞轮诱导PAP的剂量效应尚未确定;5)飞轮训练可以提高肌肉维度、力量和变向移动等运动表现能力,飞轮结合有氧训练也被认为可以促进心血管和骨骼肌肉系统的强健适应而不会产生干扰效应。不同惯性的飞轮训练效果、飞轮结合其他运动的整合效应、单腿飞轮训练对力量不均衡的改善都为运动员竞技能力的提升提供了新的思路和方法。

This study explores its application methods and security issues.After reviewing relevant literature at home and abroad,it’s found that:1)The mechanism of flywheel training may be affected by eccentric overload in SSC mode,personalized adaptive resistance,and nervous system mobilization.2)Flywheel training can prevent the occurrence of muscle atrophy during bed rest and improve the quality of life performance of the elderly.3)Flywheel training can reduce the incidence of sports injuries and has a positive effect on the rehabilitation of patients with knee and tendon injuries and stroke patients,but the mechanism is still unclear.4)Flywheel training under acute conditions can effectively recruit and mobilize muscles(especially quadriceps and hamstrings)to participate in sports.Flywheel training can induce the activation of the PAP effect,but the dose effect of the flywheel-induced PAP is unclear.5)Long-term flywheel training can improve athletic performance such as muscle cross-sectional area,strength,and change of direction movement.Flywheel combined with aerobic training is also believed to promote robust adaptation of the cardiovascular and skeletal muscle systems without producing disturbing effects.The effect of flywheel training with different inertia,the integration effect of flywheel combined with other sports,and the improvement of the imbalanced strength of singleleg flywheel training provide new ideas and methods for the improvement of athletes’athletic ability.