留守儿童未来取向类型与适应不良的关系:基于潜在剖面分析

The Relationship between Future Orientation Types and Maladjustment of Left-behind Children:An Application of Latent Profile Analysis

为考察留守儿童未来取向类别特征与包括抑郁、焦虑、问题行为和越轨同伴交往在内的适应不良状况的关系,本研究采用未来取向问卷、抑郁-焦虑-压力自评量表、问题行为频率量表、越轨同伴交往问卷对1373名留守儿童进行了调查.结果发现:1)留守儿童未来取向可分为高知情意组(11.65%)、中知情意组(74.58%)、低知情意组(11.65%)和高知低情意组(2.11%).2)高、中、低知情意组在抑郁、焦虑和问题行为上差异具有统计学意义且水平依次增高;高知低情意组的焦虑、抑郁水平在4组中最高,问题行为与其他3组差异不具有统计学意义;未来取向4种类型组在越轨同伴交往水平上不具有统计学意义.本研究结果对预防和干预留守儿童适应不良具有重要意义.

In order to explore the relationship between the future orientation category characteristics of left-behind children and their maladjustment conditions including depression,anxiety,problem behavior and deviant peer affiliation,a total of 1373 left-behind children were surveyed using Future Orientation Questionnaire,Depression-Anxiety-Stress Self-rating scale,Problem Behavior Frequency Scale and Deviant Peer Affiliation Questionnaire.The results showed that:(1)Four groups of participants were identified by using Latent Profile Analysis.The group 1(11.65%)was at a high level of future cognition,emotion and will action,The groups 2(74.58%)and 3(11.65%)were at medium and low levels of these three future orientation dimensions,respectively,while the 4 group(2.11%)was at a high level of future cognition,but low levels of emotion and will action.(2)The levels of depression,anxiety and problem behavior in group 1,2 and 3 increased successively.Group 4 had the highest level of anxiety and depression,and no significant difference with the other three groups on problem behavior.There was no significant difference in the level of deviant peer affiliation among the four groups.These results have important implications for the prevention and intervention of maladjustment of left-behind children.