养老金融发展与家庭金融资产配置的国际经验借鉴

International Experience in Aging Finance Development and Household Financial Asset Allocation

我国即将迈入深度老龄社会,预期寿命延长、生育率下降导致老年人口抚养比上升。在此背景下,传统的以现收现付制为主的养老金体系面临可持续性挑战,推动养老金体系由政府主导向多元主体责任共担转型是必然发展方向。为应对老龄社会需求转变,需要加快构建第三支柱养老保险,完善金融支持体系,有效整合养老资金,同时改善国民家庭金融资产配置结构。发达国家步入老龄化社会较早,在养老金融与家庭金融资产配置方面已积累丰富的经验,本文以美国、荷兰、日本为例,在总结发达国家养老金融发展特征及优势的基础上,分析了我国养老金融发展现状及制约因素,为进一步推动我国养老金融发展,优化家庭金融资产配置提供有益借鉴。

China is about to enter a deeply aging society. Longer life expectancy, declining fertility rates lead to a rise in the elderly dependency ratio. In this context, the traditional pay-as-you-go pension system is facing sustainability challenges, and it is an inevitable development direction to promote the transition of the pension system from government-led to multi-subject responsibility sharing. In order to cope with the changing needs of the aging society, it is necessary to speed up the construction of the third pillar pension system, improve the financial support system, effectively integrate pension funds, and at the same time improve the financial asset allocation structure of households. Developed countries entered aging societies earlier, and have accumulated rich experience in aging finance and household financial asset allocation. This paper takes the United States, the Netherlands, and Japan as examples to summarize the development characteristics and advantages of aging finance in developed countries. This paper provides a useful reference for further promoting the development of China’s aging finance and optimizing the allocation of household financial assets.