人工智能在口腔疾病影像诊断中的研究进展

Research progress on artificial intelligence in imaging diagnosis of oral diseases

近年来,人工智能在医学领域,特别是在口腔医学影像诊断中的应用发展迅速。本文详细回顾了龋病、根尖周炎、牙根纵裂、牙周炎、上颌多生牙及下颌阻生齿、口腔颌面部囊性病变及颞下颌关节紊乱病等口腔常见疾病的人工智能研究现状。多项研究表明人工智能的口腔疾病诊断准确性与口腔医生相当,甚至优于口腔医生,说明人工智能在诊断口腔疾病中有良好的应用前景。但是,人工智能模型受到人工标注精度的限制,可解释性不强,泛化能力弱,难以开展增量学习,未来的研究应进一步进行算法的开发与训练,提高人工智能的准确性。

In recent years,the application of artificial intelligence(AI)in the medical field,especially in dental imaging diagnosis,has developed rapidly.This review introduces research on AI in detail from the aspects of identifying caries,periapical lesions,vertical root fracture,periodontitis,maxillary supernumerary teeth and impacted mandibular third molars,oral and maxillofacial cystic lesions and temporomandibular joint disorders.Studies have shown that the diagnostic accuracy of AI in the abovementioned oral diseases is equivalent to or even better than that of dentists,indicating that AI has potential in oral disease diagnosis.However,AI models are limited by manual annotation accuracy,poor interpretability,weak generalization ability and difficulty in incremental learning.Future investigations should focus on the development and training of algorithms to improve AI accuracy in oral disease diagnosis.