染疫动物尸体无害化与资源化利用研究进展

Progress of harmless disposal and resource utilization of infected animal carcasses

非洲猪瘟的肆虐引起人们对染疫动物尸体无害化处理的关注。目前,染疫动物尸体的无害化处理存在技术单一落后、二次污染严重、资源化程度低、补贴短缺等问题。常见的无害化处理方式中,化制法、好氧发酵法和碱水解法是目前应用广泛且表现优异的主要方法,其中好氧发酵法最易掌握,且无害化和资源化综合效果最佳;辅热好氧发酵法显著提高了处理效率,且配套设备的研制提高了工程应用的可能性。本文在简要介绍染疫动物尸体无害化处理方法和国内外应用现状的基础上,结合我国国情,从技术水平、社会宣传、国家政策等角度分析讨论,认为好氧发酵法是解决我国染疫动物尸体问题最具前景的处理方式,并对该领域未来发展方向进行了展望。

The ravages of African swine fever(ASF)have drawn attention to the harmless disposal of infected animal carcasses.The harmless treatment of infected animal carcasses has current problems including single and backward technology,serious secondary pollution,low degree of resource utilization,and shortage of subsidies.Among the common methods of harmless treatment,rendering,aerobic fermentation and alkaline hydrolysis are the main methods that are widely used and perform well.Among them,aerobic fermentation is the easiest to master,and has the best overall effect of harmlessness and resource utilization.The auxiliary thermal aerobic fermentation significantly improved the treatment efficiency,and the development of supporting equipment improved the possibility of engineering application.Based on a brief introduction of the harmless treatment of infected animal carcasses and the application status of it at home and abroad,combined with national conditions in China,this article analyzed and discussed the technical level,social publicity,and national policies of harmless disposal and resource utilization of infected animal carcasses.It is considered that aerobic fermentation is the most promising way to solve the problem of infected animal carcasses in China.The future direction of this field was prospected.