采收时期和授粉对玉皇柚品质的影响

Effects of harvest time and pollination on quality of Yuhuang pomelo

以湖北省建始县的地方柑橘品种玉皇柚为试材,比较不同采收时期果实外观和内在品质差异,确定最佳采收期;并比较花后240 d无籽类型和有籽类型果实外观及风味物质的差异,以期为玉皇柚的采收以及生产上无籽和有籽的取舍提供理论依据。结果显示:花后240 d时采收的果实果皮着色程度和可溶性固形物含量最高,有籽果实可滴定酸含量最低,固酸比最高为14.62,此时采收的果实外观和风味品质最佳,花后222 d时采收品质次之;而无籽果花后222 d时采收最佳,最高固酸比为14.55。花后240 d有籽果Vc含量(有籽类型35.98 mg/100 g,无籽类型31.77 mg/100 g)及以大根香叶烯D为主的挥发性物质含量也更高。结果表明,适时采收和授粉可以优化玉皇柚的果实品质,可通过科学采收和提高授粉率来提升果园收益。

Yuhuang pomelo(C.grandis Osbeck)is a local citrus variety grown in Jianshi County,Hubei Province.To provide a scientific basis for the harvest of the fruit and the choice between seeded and seedless in production,the appearance and its internal quality of fruits among various harvest periods of different types were compared and analyzed.The results showed that the peel coloring degree and soluble solid content of fruits harvested 240 days post anthesis was comparatively highest.Meanwhile,the seeded type demonstrated the lowest titratable acid content and the highest solid-acid ratio(by 14.62),while the seedless fruit on the 222 days post anthesis had the highest solid-acid ratio(by 14.55).In general,the appearance and flavor quality of seeded fruit harvested 240 days post anthesis was the best,followed by those harvested 222 days post anthesis.The content of Vc(by 35.98 mg/100 g in seeded type,31.77 mg/100 g in seedless type)and main volatile substance Germacrene D in seeded fruit were significantly higher than those in seedless fruit 240 days post anthesis.It indicates that timely harvesting and pollination can optimize the fruit quality of Yuhuang pomelo,so scientific harvesting and increasing pollination rate can be used to increase orchard revenue.