空基激光通信研究进展和趋势以及关键技术

Development status, trend and key technologies of air-based laser communication

激光通信以其带宽大、保密性好、无频谱限制等特点成为构建空天地海全域网络高速通信有效技术途径。相较天基而言,搭载在气球、飞艇、无人机、飞机等平台的空基激光通信系统以其灵活性好、成本低、可维修等特点,成为高保密军用战术网络、救灾应急网络、商用低成本网络的首选。详细介绍了美国、德国、法国、中国等空基激光通信技术最新研究进展和主要项目的参数指标,总结了一对多、轻量化、高带宽等发展趋势和面临的大气信道复杂、背景噪声严重等技术挑战,提出了高动态捕跟、高密度集成、高灵敏度接收等关键技术措施,为空基激光通信技术研究和工程项目研制提供参考。

Laser communication, with its wide bandwidth, good confidentiality and no electromagnetic spectrum constraints, has become an effective means to construct high-speed communication in the air, space, earth and sea integrated communication networks. Compared with space-based, the air-based laser communication system,which is carried on balloon, airship, unmanned aerial vehicle aircraft and other platforms, has become the first choice for high security military network, disaster relief emergency network and commercial low-cost network due to its good flexibility, low cost and good maintainability. The latest research progress and main parameters of air-based laser communication system in USA, Germany, France and China are introduced in detail. The trend of one-to-many, lighter weight, wider bandwidth and the challenges of complex atmospheric channel and serious background noise are summarized, and key technical method, such as high dynamic capturing and tracking, high density integration and high sensitivity reception are proposed, which can provide references for air-based laser communication research.