失独家庭帮扶人的应对方式在共情与替代性创伤关系中的中介效应

Mediating effects of coping styles on the relationship between empathy and vicarious traumatization in assisting staffs of loss-of-single-child families

目的:研究失独家庭帮扶人员的应对方式在共情与替代性创伤(VT)中的中介效应。方法:2019年10-12月采用整群抽样的方法调查350例武汉市失独家庭帮扶工作人员,共获得有效问卷316份。采用救助者替代性创伤问卷评估VT(认知反应、情绪反应、行为反应、生活信念和生理反应);采用中文版人际反应指针量表(IRI-C)评估共情能力(观点采择、个人痛苦、共情性关心和想象力);采用特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)评估应对方式(积极应对和消极应对)。Pearson相关性分析应对方式、共情和VT之间的相关性,Bootstrap分析应对方式在共情和VT中的中介效应。结果:316例失独家庭帮扶人员VT总平均分为75.44±8.88分,观点采择、个人痛苦、共情性关心、想象力、积极应对和消极应对平均分分别为10.31±2.34分、6.84±1.63分、15.86±3.48分、14.10±3.52分、26.47±4.41分、19.72±3.54分。观点采择、个人痛苦、共情性关心、想象力和消极应对与VT呈显著正相关性(r=0.287,0.324,0.305,0.216,0.484;P<0.05),积极应对与VT评分呈显著负相关性(r=-0.426,P<0.05),观点采择、个人痛苦、共情性关心和想象力与消极应对呈显著正相关性(r=0.309,0.487,0.386,0.244;P<0.05),与积极应对呈显著负相关性(r=-0.246,-0.436,-0.390,-0.215;P<0.05);消极应对方式、共情性关心和个人痛苦对VT具有正向预测作用(t=6.086,3.778,2.826;P<0.05),积极应对方式对VT具有负向预测作用(t=-2.213,P<0.05);积极应对方式和消极应对方式在共情和VT中的中介效应值分别为0.040和0.126,占总效应比例分别为9.39%和29.58%。结论:失独家庭帮扶人员的应对方式和共情均可以影响VT发生,临床可通过提高应对积极性,控制共情,减少VT发生。

Objective:To study the mediating effects of coping styles on the relationship between empathy and vicarious traumatization(VT)in assisting staffs of loss-of-single-child families.Methods:During the period from October to December 2019,a total of 350 assisting staffs of loss-of-single-child families in Wuhan were investigated by cluster sampling method,and a total of 316 valid questionnaires were recycled.VT(cognitive response,emotional response,behavioral response,life belief,and physiological response)was assessed by the helper surrogate trauma questionnaire.The Chinese Version of the Interpersonal Response Scale(IRI-C)was used to assess empathy(perspective-taking,personal pain,empathic concern and imagination).The trait Coping Style Questionnaire(TCSQ)was used to assess coping styles(positive coping and negative coping).The correlation among coping style,empathy and VT was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.The mediating effects of coping styles between empathy and VT were analyzed by Bootstrap.Results:Of the 316 assisting staffs of loss-of-single-child families,total average score of VT was(75.44±8.88)points.The average scores of perspective taking,personal pain,empathic care,imagination,positive coping and negative coping were(10.31±2.34)points,(6.84±1.63)points,(15.86±3.48)points,(14.10±3.52)points,(26.47±4.41)points and(19.72±3.54)points,respectively.Perspective taking,personal pain,empathic care,imagination and negative coping were significantly positively correlated with VT(r=0.287,0.324,0.305,0.216,0.484;P<0.05),while positive coping was significantly negatively correlated with it(r=-0.426,P<0.05).Perspective taking,personal pain,empathic care and imagination were significantly positively correlated with negative coping(r=0.309,0.487,0.386,0.244;P<0.05),while significantly negatively correlated with positive coping(r=-0.246,-0.436,-0.390,-0.215;P<0.05).Negative coping style,empathic care and personal pain were of positive predictive effects on VT(t=6.086,3.778,2.826;P<0.05),while positive coping style was of negative predictive effect on VT(t=-2.213;P<0.05).The mediating effect values of positive coping style and negative coping style between empathy and VT were 0.040 and 0.126,accounting for 9.39% and 29.58% of the total effect,respectively.Conclusion:Both the coping styles and empathy of assisting staffs for loss-of-single-child families can affect the occurrence of VT.Clinically,VT can be reduced by reducing empathy ability and improve coping enthusiasm.