体育活动与幸福感的互促互进:基于大学生同伴关系与自我认知的中介效应

Influence of physical activity on college students’subjective Well-being:The mediating effect of peer relationship and self-cognition

目的:本研究旨在探究体育活动与主观幸福感之间的深层关系,探索提高主观幸福感的机制,培养参与体育活动的积极性。方法:利用相关分析法、多元回归分析法和Bootstrap检验法,对5所大学在校大学生的问卷调查数据进行分析。结果:体育活动、主观幸福感、同伴关系、自我认知4个主要变量间的相关系数显著;多元回归分析结果显示体育活动显著正向预测同伴关系(β=0.655,t=5.66,P<0.001);体育活动可正向预测自我认知(β=0.76,t=8.02,P<0.001);体育活动对大学生主观幸福感具有正向预测作用(β=0.21,t=4.14,P<0.001),同伴关系和自我认知对大学生主观幸福感具有正向预测作用(β=0.23,t=4.87,P<0.001;β=0.64,t=11.15,P<0.001);Bootstrap检验法的结果显示体育活动可显著正向预测主观幸福感,其直接效应为0.208,95%CI=(0.09,0.31),效应占比为24.81%;体育活动可分别通过同伴关系和自我认知间接地影响大学生主观幸福感,总间接效应为0.6305,95%CI=(0.49,0.86),效应占比为75.19%;幸福感提升可以促进大学生体育活动参与。结论:体育活动可通过同伴关系与自我认知间接影响大学生的主观幸福感,建议实现体育活动与幸福感之间的良性互动应从个人与社会集体两个层面构建互促互进机制。

Objective:To explore the deep relationship between physical activities and SWB,explore the mechanism of improving SWB,and cultivate the enthusiasm of participating in sports activities.Methods:Correlation analysis,multiple regression analysis and Bootstrap test were used to analyze the questionnaire data of college students in 5 universities.Results:The correlation coefficients of physical activity,subjective well-being,peer relationship and self-cognition were significant(P<0.001);Multiple regression analysis showed that physical activity significantly positively predicted peer relationship(β=0.655,t=5.66,P<0.001).Physical activity positively predicted self-cognition(β=0.76,t=8.02,P<0.001).Physical activity positively predicted SWB of college students(β=0.21,t=4.14,P<0.001),peer relationship and self-cognition positively predicted SWB of college students(β=0.23,t=4.87,P<0.001;β=0.64,t=11.15,P<0.001);The results of Bootstrap test showed that physical activity could significantly positively predict SWB,and the direct effect was 0.208,95%CI=(0.09,0.31),and the proportion of effect was 24.81%.Physical activity could indirectly affect the SWB of college students through peer relationship and self-cognition,respectively.The total indirect effect was 0.6305,95%CI=(0.49,0.86),and the proportion of effect was 75.19%.The improvement of happiness could promote the participation of college students in sports activities.Conclusion:Physical activity can indirectly affect SWB of college students through peer relationship and self-cognition.It is suggested that to achieve a positive interaction between physical activity and SWB,we should build a mechanism of mutual promotion and mutual progress from the two levels of individual and social collective.