家庭教养方式对大学生利他行为的影响:多重中介模型

Effect of parental rearing styles on altruistic behavior of college students:Multiple mediation model

目的:探究家庭教养方式与利他行为的关系,以及自尊、人际交往目标的中介作用。方法:采用家庭教养方式量表、自尊量表、人际交往目标量表和利他行为量表对801名大学生进行调查。结果:(1)情感温暖的教养方式、自尊、关爱他人的交往目标与利他行为均呈显著正相关(r=0.29,0.35,0.48;P<0.01),拒绝的教养方式和自尊、关爱他人的交往目标以及利他行为均呈显著负相关(r=-0.26,-0.12,-0.27;P<0.01);(2)结构方程模型表明,在模型M1’中,自尊和关爱他人在情感温暖的教养方式与利他行为之间起完全中介作用,效应值分别为0.096、0.189,在模型M2’中自尊在拒绝的教养方式与利他行为之间起部分中介作用,效应值为-0.052,自尊、关爱他人的人际交往目标在拒绝的家庭教养方式与利他行为之间起链式中介作用,效应值为-0.054。结论:不同的家庭教养方式导致对大学生个体的自尊水平的高低,影响其人际交往目标进而造成大学生利他行为的多寡。

Objective:To explore the relationship between parental rearing styles and altruistic behavior,as well as the imediating effect of self-esteem and interpersonal goals.Methods:A total of 801 college students were surveyed by Short-form Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran for Chinese,Self-esteem Scale,General Interpersonal Goals Scale and Altruistic Behavior Scale.Results:(1)There was a significantly positive correlation between emotional warm parental rearing style,self-esteem,compassionate goals and altruism behavior(r=0.29,0.35,0.48;P<0.01),there was a significantly negative correlation between rejected parental rearing style and self-esteem,compassionate goals,and altruism(r=-0.26,-0.12,-0.27;P<0.01);(2)The structural equation model showed that in model M1’,self-esteem and caring for others played a completely intermediary role between emotional warm upbringing and altruistic behavior,with effect values of 0.096,0.189;in model M2’self-esteem played a part intermediary role between the maintenance mode and altruistic behavior,the effect value was-0.052,self-esteem,caring interpersonal communication goal played chain mediate role between the relationship of the rejection of family upbringing and altruistic behavior,the effect value was-0.054.Conclusion:This study is helpful to understand the internal mechanism of affecting college students’altruism in the way of family upbringing,that is,the different family upbringing methods lead to the level of self-esteem of individual college students,and affect their interpersonal goals and thus the altruism of college students.