知识产权保护对企业数字化转型的影响——来自“三审合一”改革的经验证据

Intellectual Property Protection and Enterprise Digital Economy:Empirical Evidence from the Reform of"Three Trials in One"

知识产权保护对企业数字化转型具有重要影响。文章采用文本挖掘方式构造了企业层面的数字化转型变量,以“三审合一”改革作为强化知识产权保护的刻画,采用双重差分法(differences-in-differences,DID)检验了知识产权保护对企业数字化转型的影响。结果表明:知识产权保护能够显著促进企业数字化转型,这一结论在考虑了其他一系列可能的干扰因素后依然成立;增加创新研发的“研发效应”、提升人力资本的“人才效应”以及活跃技术交易的“市场效应”是知识产权保护促进企业数字化转型的重要机制;知识产权保护对企业数字化转型的促进作用对非国有企业和知识产权行政保护较差地区的企业更为显著;此外,知识产权保护还有利于企业数字化转型的升级迭代。

At present,the wave of digitization is sweeping the world,and the digital transformation is imminent.For a large developing economic country such as China,the digital transformation of enterprises is particularly important for the national economy and national stability.Enterprises can use digital technologies such as Internet,Internet of things and cloud computing to innovate the ways of value creation,improve the automation and intelligent operation within the enterprise,and then expand the enterprise market share on the basis of the original business.Therefore,how to better build the digital transformation ability is the key issue for Chinese enterprises to upgrade under the background of transitional economy,and a perfect intellectual property protection system is an important institutional condition to ensure the safety of enterprise core technology and explore enterprise development ideas,which may have an important impact on promoting the digital transformation of enterprises and realizing the high-quality development of China’s economy.This research constructs the digital transformation variables at the enterprise level by text mining,takes the"three trials in one"reform as the characterization of strengthening intellectual property protection,and empirically tests the impact of intellectual property protection on the digital transformation of enterprises by using differences in differences(DID).The results show that:firstly,intellectual property protection can significantly promote the digital transformation of enterprises.This conclusion is still valid after going through the robustness tests of parallel trend test,replacing the core explanatory variables,adding urban control variables,controlling the influence of"same group effect",year by year tendency score matching and comfort test;Secondly,intellectual property protection can also help enterprises realize talent agglomeration and upgrading of talent team,enhance the"talent effect"of human capital,and ensure the harmonious development of technology trading market by activating enterprise innovation and R&D activities and expanding the"R&D effect"of extended demand for enterprise digital technology Activate a series of important intermediary mechanisms such as"market effect"of enterprise digital technology trading momentum,and indirectly promote enterprise digital transformation;At the same time,there are obvious differences in the impact of intellectual property protection on the digital transformation of different types of enterprises.The promotion of intellectual property protection on the digital transformation of enterprises is more significant in non-state-owned enterprises and enterprises in areas with poor intellectual property administrative protection.This may be related to whether the enterprise management has a strong motivation to implement digital transformation and the strength of the"substitution relationship"between judicial protection and administrative protection of intellectual property in the region where the enterprise is located.Finally,by classifying the detailed items of enterprise intangible assets,the digital transformation of enterprises is divided into primary stage and advanced stage.The empirical results after re regression show that intellectual property protection is also conducive to the upgrading and iteration of enterprise digital transformation.The possible reason is that intellectual property protection can not only curb all kinds of intellectual property crimes in the field of digital economy.Its"R&D effect"and"talent effect"also help to improve the resource allocation efficiency of digital technology application,while the"market effect"is conducive to enterprises to obtain more advanced digital technology required for digital transformation and upgrading from the technology trading market,so as to further promote the upgrading of enterprise digital transformation.