高校科研人员科研激情的影响因素研究——基于扎根理论方法的探究

The Factor Model of Research Passion of College Researchers:An Exploration based on Grounded Theory

通过对高校科研人员访谈资料的扎根理论分析,构建了高校科研人员科研激情形成的影响因素模型,包括组织情境、工作特征、社会情境、科研认知和科研情感5个主范畴以及对应的20个子范畴。结果发现:(1)组织情境(考核制度、激励政策、组织支持和科研氛围)、工作特征(本职工作、科研压力、教学任务、科研自主性、科研成果和职业发展)与社会情境(重要他人、经济压力和社会认可)是影响高校科研人员科研激情的重要外部环境因素。其中,组织支持、科研氛围、本职工作、科研自主性、科研成果、职业发展、重要他人和社会认可等外部因素对高校科研人员科研激情具有直接或间接的积极影响,而科研压力、教学任务、考核制度、激励政策和经济压力等外部因素对高校科研人员科研激情的影响具有两面性。(2)科研认知(科研意义、科研自我效能感、科研主动性和个人使命)与科研情感(科研兴趣、享受过程的乐趣和享受成果的喜悦)是影响高校科研人员科研激情的内部驱动因素。同时,科研认知和科研情感能够相互促进并进一步强化科研激情:科研认知能够通过激活积极的科研情感进而强化科研激情的形成与发展;科研情感也能够通过为科研认知提供重要的情感信息,促进并提升科研认知,进而增强其科研激情。(3)外部因素可能直接影响高校科研人员科研激情的形成,也可能通过科研人员内部因素进而影响科研激情的形成。此外,很多时候高校科研人员科研激情的形成不是单一因素而是多重因素共同作用的结果。

College researchers are one of the main forces to undertake the task of scientific research.Activating the research passion and innovation vitality of college researchers is of great significance for China to build an innovative country and enhance the strength of scientific and technological power.Despite that scholars have paid attention to the unique group of college researchers and research teams,existing researches mainly focus on innovative research behavior and research performance of college researchers and research teams,and lack of attention and targeted discussion on the topic of research passion of college researchers.Accordingly,based on interview data from college researchers,this study used grounded theory to conduct open coding,axial coding and selective coding,and proposed the theoretical model of the influencing factors of research passion to systematically reveal the influencing factors and theoretical logic of research passion.The results show that:(1)Specific organizational situations(performance appraisal system,incentive policy,organizational support,and research climate),job characteristics(job demand,research stress,teaching task,job autonomy,research achievement,and career development),and social situations(important others,economic pressure,and social approval)are external factors of research passion,among which organizational support,research climate,job demand,research autonomy,research achievement,career development,important others,and social approval have direct or indirect positive effects on research passion of college researchers.However,external factors such as research pressure,teaching task,performance appraisal system,incentive policy,and economic pressure have two sides to college researchers’research passion.(2)Research cognition(meaning of researching,research self-efficacy,and personal mission)and research emotions(research interests,enjoying the research,and enjoying the achievements)are the internal driving factors that directly and positively affect the research passion of college researchers.In addition,research cognition and emotions can promote each other such that research cognition may activate positive research emotions to help facilitate and develop college researchers’research passion,and research emotions may provide important emotional information to promote and enhance research cognition,which in turn activates and strengthens research passion.(3)The external factors may influence the generations of research passion directly or indirectly via the mediating effects of internal factors such as research cognition and emotions.In addition,multiple factors instead of a single factor influence college researchers’research passion together most of the time.The current research has several theoretical implications:(1)This study systematically reveals the influencing factors and mechanism of college researchers’research passion based on grounded theory,which to some extent,makes up for the shortcomings of existing quantitative research of passion.(2)Prior studies mainly focus on the individual cognitive characteristics of passion,with less attention on external elements such as job characteristics,organizational characteristics,and social characteristics,and individual emotional characteristics.The present research excavates the specific external factors and internal emotional factors and identifies the interaction and mechanism among these influencing factors as well,both of which enriches the influencing factors and cognitiveand emotional-mechanism that affect passion.(3)The specific attention on college researchers’research passion not only expands the scope of work passion from general work passion and entrepreneurial passion to research passion,but also may help provide theoretical basis for explaining the phenomenon of lack of passion for scientific research and activating the innovation vitality of researchers.