“一带一路”背景下中国公文书跨国流动问题研究

A Study on the Transnational Flow of Chinese Public Documents in the Context of“Belt and Road”

在“一带一路”倡议向纵深处推进的背景下,我国与沿线国家居民的跨境交往和商贸投资愈加频繁,有关民商事公文书跨国流转需求也日益增加。目前,领事认证制度是我国与沿线国家公文书跨国流转的主要机制,公文书只能在有限司法协助范围内免除认证。传统领事认证制度下,我国签发的公文书需要经过连锁的认证程序方能在另一国使用,耗时长、费用高,与“一带一路”倡议目标背道而驰。简化公文书认证是国际社会在公文书跨国流动方面的共识,《海牙取消认证公约》以签发附加证明书的形式简化证明手续,为我国涉外公文书走出国门提供新的路径选择。我国应尽快批准《海牙取消认证公约》,协调批准该公约可能遇到的法律问题,促进公文书的跨国流动。

In the context of the“Belt and Road”strategy,transnational engagement and trade and investment between China and residents of countries along the route are becoming more frequent,and the demand for tansnational flow of civil and commercial documents is also increasing.At present,the consular certification system is the main mechanism for the transnational flow of public documents between China and countries along the“Belt and Road”,and public documents can only be exempted from certification to a limited extent.Under the traditional consular certification system,public documents issued by China need to go through a chain of certification procedures before they can be used in another country,which is time-consuming and costly,and runs counter to the strategic objectives of the“Belt and Road”.Apostille Convention simplifies the certification procedures by issuing additional certificates,providing a new path for China's foreign-related public documents to go abroad.China should ratify Apostille Convention as soon as possible,coordinate the legal problems that may be encountered in ratifying the Convention,and promote the transnational flow of public documents.