战后日本的优生政策及其影响:基于《优生保护法》的考察

The Eugenics Policy and Its Effect in Postwar Japan:An Examination Based on the“Eugenics Protection Law”

为应对战败后人口激增的问题,日本政府在抑制人口“量”的同时,也重视“质”的提升。为了杜绝“有缺陷”后代的出生,防止“民族逆淘汰”,日本当局从优生学的角度出发,颁布并实施了《优生保护法》。一方面,该法律强化了有关“优生”的规定,以优生为目的的绝育手术和人工流产实现合法化。与此同时,《优生保护法》中的优生思想也通过学校教育逐渐渗透到日本社会。另一方面,《优生保护法》不仅侵犯了残障患者的人权,而且在某种程度上还进一步加剧了社会对残障者、青少年犯罪者等人群的歧视,暴露出日本民主制度的局限性。

In order to deal with the population boom after the defeat of the WWII,the Japanese government paid attention to the improvement of the quality of population while suppressing the growth of population.In order to eliminate the birth of“defective”offspring and prevent“national reverse selection”,the Japanese authorities issued and implemented the“eugenics protection law”from the standpoint of eugenics.The law strengthened the regulations on“eugenics”and legalized the sterilization and induced abortion for eugenics.The concept of eugenics in the law has also gradually accepted by the Japanese society through school education.The law not only infringes on the human rights of the disabled,but also,to some extent,further intensifies the social discrimination against the disabled and juvenile offenders,exposing the limitations of the Japanese democratic system.