自噬在早发性卵巢功能不全病理机制中的作用

Autophagy Participated in Pathological Mechanism of Premature Ovarian Insufficiency

染色体异常、自身免疫性疾病、化疗和环境污染物等因素均可能导致女性早发性卵巢功能不全(premature ovarian insufficiency,POI)。自噬作为一种维持细胞稳态和能量平衡的重要机制,与不同病因POI的发生、发展密切相关,染色体异常如自噬相关基因突变导致的自噬功能缺陷致使原始卵泡大量丢失,阻止卵巢颗粒细胞分化,继而损害卵巢功能,导致POI的发生;自身免疫性疾病、化疗和环境污染物等不良因素刺激引起卵巢细胞的自噬过度激活,进一步引起卵巢细胞凋亡,闭锁卵泡增加,原始卵泡减少,导致POI的发生。综述自噬在不同病因POI中的研究进展,探讨通过自噬改善POI患者卵巢功能的可能性。

The combination of factors of premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)may include chromosomal abnormalities,autoimmune diseases,chemotherapy,environmental pollutants and so on.Autophagy as a kind of important mechanisms for maintaining cellular homeostasis and energy balance is associated with the occurrence and development of POI.The autophagy defect related to chromosomal abnormalities and gene mutations may lead to a large number of primordial follicles loss and the restraint of granulosa cell differentiation,which injures ovarian function,and finally leads to POI.The excessive activation of autophagy caused by stimulation of adverse factors in ovarian cells,such as autoimmune diseases,chemotherapy and environmental pollutants,leads to the apoptosis of ovarian cells and the increase of atresia follicles,which reduces primordial follicles,and finally leads to POI.In this paper,the effect of autophage in the pathogenesis of POI was reviewed,in order to discusse how to improve ovarian function of POI patients in clinical practice.