“双碳”目标实现的市场化路径及其制度完善

The Marketization Path of the Realization of Dual Carbon Goal and Its System Improvement

同强制性排放标准、排污许可等命令型减排手段及补贴、碳税等市场激励型手段比较,碳排放交易在促进“双碳”目标的实现方面更灵活,更具有可持续性,因而也更有效。经过二十年探索,中国初步建立起以配额式碳排放交易制度为主,以项目式碳排放交易制度为补充的双轨式碳排放交易制度体系,但该制度体系目前还存在可操作性不强、实效不彰等缺陷,须从碳排放总额标准确定机制、碳配额初始分配拍卖制度、碳排放交易信息披露、碳排放交易奖惩机制等几个方面予以重点完善。

Compared to command and control mechanism such as mandatory emission standards, discharge permit system and market incentive mechanism such as subsidies and carbon tax, carbon emission trading is more flexible, more sustainable and hence more effective achieving the “dual carbon” goal.With 20 years of exploration, China has formed its “dual-track system” of carbon emission trading system, which is mainly based on the quota carbon emission trading system and supplemented by the project carbon emission trading system.However, the current system faces challenges such as inefficient enforcement and unsatisfactory real effect. In view of this, it is necessary to improve the system of target setting standard, the auction system for initial allocation of carbon quotas, the information disclosure system of carbon emission trading and the carbon emission trading reward and punishment mechanism.