政治言语行为的理论特征及实践阐释

Theoretical Characteristics and Practical Interpretation of Political Speech Acts

政治言语行为的产出和接受具有复杂性和多元性。在述介和梳理政治言语行为研究的基础上,本文探讨其理论特征及实践范式。研究发现,政治言语行为是在政治功能导向下,由核心言语行为及其前后辅助言语行为组成的宏观言语行为,具有多维意义构建功能;施为动词的明示性、施为语力的双重性以及语篇结构的程式性是政治言语行为的重要特性;政治言语行为的意义是在明示、隐义和受动取效3个层面由政治主体与多元受众共同阐释的结果。此外,政治言语行为亦受制于语用规程,进而触发政治主体与受众的关系联结。

The production and reception of political speech acts is complicated and multi-functional. This study explores the theoretical characteristics and practical interpretation of political speech acts on the basis of previous studies. The research findings are as follows: political speech acts are macro speech acts composed of a core speech act and supportive speech acts with multi-dimensional functions in meaning construction due to various political functions. The primary characteristics of political speech acts are the explicit performative verbs, the duality of illocutionary force and formulaic discourse structures. The meaning of political speech acts is the product of the joint interpretation of political subject and political audience at the three levels of perlocution, namely, explicative perlocution, implicative perlocution and receptive perlocution. Furthermore, political speech acts are also constrained by pragmatic ritual, which triggers alignment between political subject and audience.