语言的正确使用和意义的规范性

The Correct Use of Language and the Normativity of Meaning

自然语言的表达式具有意义这一点看起来是一个非常直白的事实;一个同样看起来很直白的事实是:如果具体给定一种语言以及这个语言中的某个表达式,它具有意义似乎蕴含着某种“规范性”特征--如果一个表达式的意义是“如此这般”,那么我们就“应当”如此这般地去使用它。综合这两个事实将会产生如下有趣问题:表达式具有意义是否蕴含它具有规范性;如果是的,那这种规范性是否是“本质上的”规范性--即它内在于意义;这些问题就是本文接下来要处理的问题。本文首先将呈现关于意义的“规范性论题”--即认为语言意义在本质上是规范的;其次将展开关于上述论题的一个典型论证--即“简单论证”;然后尝试对“简单论证”进行全面的诊断,进而得出结论:“简单论证”并没有支持意义的“规范性论题”的作者们所认为的那样直接和可靠。

It seemed that the fact i.e., expressions of natural languages have meanings is obvious;it’s also obvious that the meaning of a given expression has a normative implication, namely, if its meaning is so-and-so, then you should use it according with this meaning. Theses two facts raised a interesting question for us: whether the meaning of an expression entails this meaning has normative property;and if so, whether it’s a essential normative property? This paper will go through the above-mentioned questions one by one. The structure of this paper is following: the “normative thesis” will be represented in part one;the I will state and examine the “simple argument” which offered as a paradigmatic argument for supporting “normative thesis” in part two and three;then I will given a short conclusion in part four: the “simple argument” had not offered us a direct and adequate grounding for “normative thesis”.