表观遗传修饰在酒精滥用及相关疾病中的研究进展

Research progress of epigenetic modification in alcohol abuse and related diseases

酒精滥用是一个严重的公共健康问题,可引发多种神经精神疾病,损害身心健康。近年来,大量研究表明表观遗传修饰与酒精滥用的发生发展密切相关。在哺乳动物中,酒精作为环境因素介导表观遗传机制的重编排,调控基因转录和表达。DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰及非编码RNA是三种主要的表观遗传调控方式,有助于解释酒精滥用的神经可塑性变化,并参与酒精诱导的多种神经精神疾病。因此,明确表观遗传机制在酒精滥用中的作用对治疗酒精滥用相关疾病具有重要意义,同时表观遗传疗法可能成为新的治疗手段。本篇综述讨论了表观遗传修饰在酒精滥用中的研究进展,为今后深入研究酒精滥用的神经生物学机制及治疗方法提供了新的方向。

Alcohol abuse is a serious public health problem,which can cause a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders and damage physical and mental health.Recently,studies have shown that epigenetic modification is closely related to the occurrence and development of alcohol abuse.In mammals,as an environmental factor,alcohol mediates the rearrangement of epigenetic mechanisms,thus affecting gene transcription and expression.DNA methylation,histone modification and non-coding RNA are three main epigenetic mechanisms in the process of alcohol abuse,which help to explain changes of neuroplasticity of alcohol abuse and participate in a variety of neuropsychiatric diseases induced by alcohol.Therefore,it is of great significance to clarify the role of epigenetic mechanism in the treatment of diseases related to alcohol abuse,and epigenetic therapy may be one novel way of treatment.This review discusses the research progress of epigenetic modification in alcohol abuse,which provides new insights for the further study of the neurobiological mechanism and treatment of alcohol abuse.