公立医院运营效率时空分异与影响因素分析——基于广东省的多维实证

Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Differentiation and Influencing Factors of Public Hospital Operation Efficiency--Based on the Multi-Dimensional Empirical Research of Guangdong Province

运用基于投入导向的BCC模型测算了2012—2019年广东省各地市公立医院的运营效率,继而使用Malmquist全要素生产率指数和泰尔指数刻画了广东省各地市公立医院运营效率的时空分异特征。结果表明,广东省公立医院总体效率表现良好,不同地市和区域静态运营效率和动态全要素生产率走势存在差异,技术变动成为掣肘全要素生产率提升的主要因素;区域效率分布虽然存在分化,但整体差距逐步缩小。最后,通过随机效应面板Tobit模型,识别出政府注意力配置强度、医护比、医生诊疗均数和人均GDP显著正向影响各地市公立医院运营效率,而管理人员占比和人均诊疗费用则负向影响各地市公立医院运营效率。

This paper used BCC-DEA model based on the input orientation to measure the operational efficiency of public hospitals in various cities in Guangdong Province from 2012 to 2019.Then Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index(TPF)and Theil Index were adopted to characterize the temporal and spatial differentiation characteristics of the operating efficiency of public hospitals in various cities in Guangdong Province.Results showed that the overall efficiency of public hospitals in Guangdong Province was good,but there were differences in static operating efficiency and dynamic TPF trends in different cities and regions.Technological changes had become the main factor constraining the increase in TPF.In addition,although there were differences in the distribution pattern of regional efficiency,the overall difference was gradually narrowed.Finally,the random effect panel Tobit model was used to identify the direction and degree of influence of different factors on the operating efficiency of public hospitals in various cities.Results showed that the intensity of government attention allocation,the ratio of doctors to nurses,the number of patients received by per doctor,and the GDP per capita all significantly positively affected the operating efficiency of public hospitals in various cities.However,the proportion of management personnel and per capita medical expenses negatively affected the operating efficiency of public hospitals in various cities.