生物降解地膜在果蔗的田间应用效果研究

Study on Field Application Effect of Biodegradable Plastic Film in FruitSugarcane

广东省果蔗种植上普遍采用果蔗齐苗后揭除普通地膜培土的方式,这种方式极为浪费劳动力,也增加残膜处理工序及成本。应用生物降解地膜可以免除揭膜工序,具有轻简栽培作用。为了探讨生物降解地膜在轻简栽培模式下在广东省果蔗上的应用效果,2019~2020年在广州市南沙区实施不同地膜的大田对比试验,研究生物降解地膜的降解效果和对果蔗生长及产量的影响。结果表明,生物降解地膜在果蔗生长不同阶段的农艺性状差异不大;生物降解地膜较普通地膜处理的果蔗产量增产5.25%。生物降解地膜机械性能和水蒸气透过率满足国标要求,其初始力学性能满足果蔗的机械覆膜要求,其水蒸气透过率高于普通地膜,但不影响果蔗齐苗生长。到果蔗收获时,生物降解地膜已完全降解。与揭除地膜比较,生物降解地膜不揭膜,其果蔗产量仅减产6.78%;普通地膜不揭膜,其果蔗产量减产达到23.66%。生物降解地膜不仅满足果蔗轻简栽培的使用要求,且能够解决蔗田残膜面源污染问题,属于绿色环保型的农资产品。

The method of removing ordinary plastic film and cultivating soil after fruit sugarcane seedling is widely used in fruit sugarcane planting in Guangdong Province.This method not only wastes labor,but also increases the process and cost of residual film treatment.The application of biodegradable plastic film(BPF)can avoid the film uncovering process and has the function of light and simple cultivation.In order to explore the application effect of BPF on fruit sugarcane in Guangdong Province under light and simple cultivation mode,a field experiment was carried out in Nansha District,Guangzhou from 2019 to 2020 to study the degradation effect of biodegradable plastic film under light and simple cultivation mode and its impact on fruit sugarcane growth and yield.The results showed that there was little difference in agronomic characters of BPF at different stages of fruit sugarcane growth;the yield of fruit sugarcane with BPF increased by 5.25%compared to ordinary mulching plastic film.The mechanical properties and water vapor transmittance of BPF met the requirements of national standards,and its initial mechanical properties met the requirements of mechanical mulching of fruit sugarcane, but the water vapor transmittance was higher than that of ordinary mulching plastic film, but it didnot affect the full seedling growth of fruit sugarcane. When the fruit cane was harvested, the BPF had beencompletely degraded. Compared with the way of uncovering the film, the yield of fruit sugarcane with BPF incovering the film and cultivating soil decreased by only 6.78% without uncovering the film, but the yield of fruitsugarcane with ordinary mulching plastic film in covering the film and cultivating soil decreased by 23.66%.Biodegradable plastic film can not only meet the requirements of light and simple cultivation of fruit sugarcane,but also solve the problem of non-point source pollution of residual film in sugarcane field. It is a green andenvironmental friendly agricultural material product.