进博会室外吸烟点周边空气污染水平及优化设置研究

Study on Air Pollution Levels Around Outdoor Smoking Spots in Import Expo and Optimization of Spots Setting

目的了解第三届中国国际进口博览会(简称“进博会”)室外吸烟点周边的空气污染水平,为大型展会活动室外吸烟点设置方案提供依据。方法在第三届进博会期间,选择8个代表性位置的室外吸烟点(其中2个为定点实时监测点,6个为随机多次监测点),使用便携式空气质量监测设备开展连续6天的周边空气PM_(1.0)、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、CO_(2)、温度、相对湿度等数据监测,并对监测完成后的数据进行整理,运用Pearson相关和独立样本t检验等统计学方法进行分析。结果定点实时监测中,场馆0米层的PM_(1.0)、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)和CO_(2)瞬时浓度平均值分别为167μg/m^(3)、317μg/m^(3)、354μg/m^(3)和1619 mg/m^(3);16米层吸烟点的PM_(1.0)、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)和CO_(2)瞬时浓度平均值分别为80μg/m^(3)、138μg/m^(3)、153μg/m^(3)和1229mg/m^(3)。场馆0米层吸烟点位空气污染物PM_(1.0)、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)的瞬时浓度均显著高于16米层的吸烟点位(P<0.01)。此外,0米层固定吸烟点监测全程的PM_(2.5)/PM_(10)比值平均为89.3%,16米层的为87.0%,两者存在显著性差异(P<0.01)。随机多次监测的6个点位中,距离吸烟点≤6米的范围内,空气PM_(2.5)浓度出现最大值的频次均最多且浓度最高;随着与吸烟点距离的靠近,空气PM_(2.5)浓度呈现逐渐上升的趋势。结论吸烟点周边通风状况及与吸烟点的距离是周边空气污染物浓度的重要影响因素。

Objective To understand the air pollution levels around outdoor smoking spots of the third Import Expo,and to provide the evidence for the optimization of outdoor smoking spots in a largescale activity venue.Methods During the Third Import Expo,8 outdoor smoking spots were selected for air pollution measurements(2 fixed spots with real-time monitoring,and 6 randomly selected spots with intermittently repeated monitoring at different distances from the smoking spots).The sensor monitors were applied to measure the air pollution for 6 days(Including PM_(1.0),PM_(2.5),PM_(10),CO_(2),temperature,and relative humidity).After sorting out the monitoring data,Pearson correlation analysis,independent sample t test and other statistical methods were used for analysis.Results In the fixed-point real-time monitoring,the average instantaneous concentrations of PM_(1.0),PM_(2.5),PM_(10) and CO_(2) in the smoking spots on the 0 m were 167μg/m^(3),317μg/m^(3),354μg/m^(3),and 1619 mg/m^(3),and on the 16 m floor is 80μg/m^(3),138μg/m^(3),153μg/m^(3),and 1229mg/m^(3).The instantaneous concentrations of air pollutants in the 0 m layer of the venue were significantly higher than those in the 16 m layer(P<0.01).In addition,the average ratio of PM_(2.5)/PM_(10) during the monitoring process at the fixed smoking point on the 0-meter layer was 89.3%,and on the 16-meter layer was 87.0%;there was a significant difference between the two layers(P<0.01).The results showed that the frequency of maximum PM_(2.5) concentrations and the absolute concentration levels were the highest within 6 meters from the smoking spot.With the decrease of the distance from the smoking spot,the PM_(2.5) concentrations gradually increased.Conclusion The ventilation conditions around the smoking points and the distance from the smoking points are important factors affecting the concentration of air pollutants around the smoking spots.