基于生态系统服务价值和人类福祉的湖南省生态补偿分配

Payments of ecosystem services allocation in Hunan province based on the value of ecosystem services and human well-being

引入人类福祉指数作为社会整体发展水平的代理指标,考虑人均生态系统服务价值和人类福祉指数来识别生态补偿空间及补偿优先级,综合平均福祉水平下的人均调节服务价值和实际人均调节服务价值核算补偿强度系数和补偿额度,并以生态资源及社会发展存在较大空间差异的湖南省为例进行具体分析。结果表明:(1)2005—2020年,湖南省生态系统服务总值减少127.75亿元,减少率为0.19%,生态系统服务价值呈现西南高、东北低的分布态势;湖南省各地州市的社会发展水平均有所提高,人类福祉指数递增且呈现东北高、西南低的分布态势。(2)张家界市、湘西州、怀化市、邵阳市、永州市、郴州市6个市(州)为受偿主体,常德市、岳阳市、长沙市、湘潭市、衡阳市、株洲市6个市为补偿主体,益阳市、娄底市为协调主体;受偿区域的张家界市、湘西州、怀化市的受偿优先级排名前3,邵阳市受偿优先级排名最后;补偿区域中长沙市、湘潭市、衡阳市补偿优先级排名前3,常德市补偿优先级排名最后。(3)研究期内湖南省的受偿总额为1013.25亿元,补偿总额为1644.65亿元,生态补偿盈余631.4亿元;受偿主体永州市的受偿额度最高(343.26亿元),怀化市的受偿额最低(40.22亿元);补偿主体长沙市的补偿额最高(802.14亿元);岳阳市的补偿额最低(29.14亿元)。

Introducing the human well-being index(HWI)as a proxy for the overall level of social development,and coupling ecosystem services value(ESV)per capita and HWI to identify payments of ecosystem services(PES)space/priority.Additionally,PES intensity coefficient and PES allocation a mounts can be counted by combining an assessment of the value of regulated ecosystem reconciliation services value(ERSV)per capita at the average level of HWI and the actual ERSV per capita.Finally taking Hunan province,where existing large spatial differences in ecological resources and social development,as an example,the results show that:(1)From 2005 to 2020,the total value of ecosystem services in Hunan province decreased by 32.2071 billion yuan,giving a reduction rate of 0.19%.The value of ecosystem services shows a distribution trend of higher value in the western/southern and lower value in the eastern/northern region.Both of social development level and the human well-being index have increased in all prefecture-level cities in Hunan province,while the level of human well-being shows a distribution of higher value in the eastern/northern region and lower value in western/southern region.(2)Six prefecture-level cities(autonomous regions),including Zhangjiajie,Xiangxi,Huaihua,Shaoyang,Yongzhou,and Chenzhou were assigned as the compensation recipients,while six prefecture-level cities,Changde,Yueyang,Changsha,Xiangtan,Hengyang,and Zhuzhou were assigned as the compensation subjects,and the other two city of Yiyang and Loudi are coordination subject.The top three compensation-receptor are Zhangjiajie,Xiangxi,and Huaihua,while Shaoyang is at the bottom of the list.In term of compensation-donor region,Changsha,Xiangtan and Hengyang are in the top three,while Changde is at the bottom of the list.(3)The amount of compensation received in Hunan province during the research period was 101.325 billion yuan,the amount of compensation paid was 164.465 billion yuan,and the amount of ecological compensation surplus was 63.14 billion yuan.Among them,the highest compensation amount is 34.326 billion yuan for the compensation recipient Yongzhou city,and the lowest compensation amount is 4.022 billion yuan for Huaihua city.The highest compensation amount paid from Changsha city is 80.214 billion yuan,and the lowest compensation amount paid from Yueyang city is 2.914 billion yuan.