“儒家自由人性”意涵之反思——与郭萍女士商榷

A Reflection of “Confucian Human Nature of Freedom”——Deliberate with Guo Ping

探究和反思“儒家自由人性”意涵,是深入理解儒家思想的重要一步。对“儒家自由人性”意涵的反思包含儒学之思、人性之思与自由之思三个重要阶段。儒学之思意在揭示儒家“超越”观念与“知止”观念,均蕴含“自由人性”意涵,其中“知止”观念的“自由人性”意涵具有“人我不相害”和“敬畏天命”等多重维度。人性之思意在彰显“自由人性”意涵具有“超越”与“延续”双重意义:超越过程本身以自由人性的延续为基础;自由人性的延续通过超越过程得以呈现。自由之思则以马克思主义自由观审思“儒家自由人性”意涵,指出自由人性作为人之个性与共性的辩证统一,不仅指向“超越”,更指向每个人出于自身而为了自身的全面发展。“儒家自由人性”意涵的三重反思揭示自由人性是随着人的实践活动的延伸与实践能力的发展而“日生日成”,并主张每个人的全面发展是克服现代社会自由人性之迷失与异化的必要途径。

To explore and reflect on Confucian human nature of freedom is an important step to deeply understand Confucianism. The reflection on it includes three important stages. The reflections on Confucianism, reflections on human nature and reflections on freedom. The triple reflection on the meaning of “Confucian human nature of freedom” reveals that human nature of freedom is “generate in every moment” with the extension of people’s practical activities and the development of practical ability, and advocates that the all-round development of each person is a necessary way to overcome the loss and alienation of “human nature of freedom” in modern society.