《医疗损害司法鉴定指南》与《医学会医疗损害鉴定规则》的比较

Comparation between Guidance for Judicial Expertise of Medical Malpractice and Medical Association Identification Rules of Medical Damage

《医学会医疗损害鉴定规则》系在保留医疗事故技术鉴定体系基础上,主要面对各类医患纠纷调解工作开展的技术服务,其鉴定工作仍受医疗事故技术鉴定的思维影响,具有一定的行政色彩。《医疗损害司法鉴定指南》重点体现为人民法院民事诉讼案件审判以及诉前调解工作服务,其程序和证据审查受到诉讼程序规则的严格要求,具有第三方中立机构为公共法律服务的特点。无论医学会还是司法鉴定机构,均在现行《医疗纠纷预防和处理条例》以及《中华人民共和国民法典》的背景下开展医疗损害技术鉴定,两者均对规范医疗损害鉴定活动具有相应的积极作用,也为我国今后建立统一的鉴定体制奠定了一定的基础。为了解中华医学会和司法部颁布的医疗损害鉴定规则的不同特点,提高对医疗损害司法鉴定工作规范性的认识,本文从概念和法律地位,鉴定委托,鉴定受理,鉴定程序,鉴定会,医疗过错评价理论,医疗损害后果和因果关系7个方面对《医学会医疗损害鉴定规则》和《医疗损害司法鉴定指南》进行比较,并重点分析被评价主体、证据审查职能、咨询专家角色、过错评价技术标准体系等内容。

On the basis of retaining the technical identification system of medical negligence,the Medical Association Identification Rules of Medical Damage mainly provides technical services for various types of conciliation work about doctor-patient dispute.Its identification work is still influenced by the thinking of medical negligence technical identification and has certain administrative color.Guidance for Judicial Expertise of Medical Malpractice is mainly reflected that the trial of civil cases and pre-trial mediation of courts need service.Its procedures and evidence review are strictly required by the litigation rules and has the characteristics of public legal services provided as a third-party neutral institution.Technical identification of medical damage,whether organized by the Medical Association or the forensic identification institutions,is carried out under the background of the current Regulations on the Prevention and Treatment of Medical Disputes and the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China;both have a corresponding positive role in regulating the medical damage identification activities,and have also laid a certain foundation for the establishment of a unified identification system in the future in China.To understand the different characteristics of the medical damage identification rules issued by the Chinese Medical Association and the Ministry of Justice,and to improve the understanding of the standardization of the forensic identification of medical damage,a comparative study was conducted on Medical Association Identification Rules of Medical Damage and Guidance for Judicial Expertise of Medical Malpractice from seven aspects:Concept and legal status,entrust of identification,identification acceptance,identification procedures,identification presentation meeting,theory of medical malpractice evaluation,consequences and causality of medical damage.The subject of evaluation,the function of evidence review,the role of consulting experts,the technical standard system of malpractice evaluation and other contents were emphatically analyzed.