高原肺部疾病的发病机制及治疗药物

Mechanisms and therapeutic drugs of high-altitude lung diseases

高原低压、低氧、寒冷、干燥及强紫外线的恶劣环境严重威胁急进高原人员的身心健康。肺是高原损伤敏感器官,高原肺部疾病可分为急性高原肺部疾病(高原肺水肿)、慢性高原肺部疾病(高原肺动脉高压)和高原脱适应肺部疾病。本文在总结最新研究进展基础上,阐明上述高原肺部疾病的发病机制及其主要治疗药物,简要概述高原肺部疾病常用剂型及给药途径,希望为高原肺部疾病的诊断与治疗提供理论依据和参考。

The heavily harsh plateau environment including low pressure,hypoxia,cold,dryness and strong ultraviolet radiation,seriously threatens the physical and mental health of those who quickly enter the plateau area.Lungs are the sensitive organs for high altitude injury.High-altitude lung diseases include the acute high-altitude lung disease(i.e.,high-altitude pulmonary edema),the chronic high-altitude lung disease(i.e.,high-altitude pulmonary artery hypertension)and the high-altitude de-adapted reaction.This review summarizes the pathogenic mechanisms and the main therapeutic drugs of high-altitude lung diseases based on the recent research.Moreover,the related formulations and administration routes are also reviewed here.It will provide support and counsel for the diagnosis and treatment of high-altitude lung diseases.