安史之乱前夕的安西与北庭——《唐天宝十三、十四载交河郡长行坊支贮马料文卷》考释

Anxi and Beiting on the Eve of An-Shi Rebellion:Research on Fodder Documents of Transportation Official in Jiaohe Prefecture in the 13th and 14th Years of Tianbao Period in the Tang Dynasty

吐鲁番出土《唐天宝十三、十四载交河郡长行坊支贮马料文卷》,是目前所见最长的唐代官文书案卷之一,记录了安史之乱前夕安西与北庭的一些重要侧面。其中交河郡石舍、柳谷、礌石、银山四馆的马料帐,较为完整地反映了天宝十三载四月至十二月间北庭至安西交通线上官吏频繁往来的情况。除了两位节度使程千里、封常清外,文书还记录了9位大夫、15位判官等各种不同官称的军将或官员,反映出天宝年间安西、北庭节度使府僚佐及府郡官员的大致面貌。更为重要的是,文书还体现出封常清兼任安西、北庭节度使后两地军政的整合情况。据文书所示,天宝十三载封常清频繁往返于安西与北庭之间,调配两地人力物力,完成了西征及破播仙两次战事。这对于理解天宝时期节度使制度的发展具有重要意义。

Fodder Documents of Transportation Official in Jiaohe Prefecture in the 13th and 14th Years of Tianbao Period in the Tang Dynasty unearthed in Turpan is one of the longest official documents of the Tang dynasty ever seen,recording some important aspects of Anxi and Beiting on the eve of the An-Shi Rebellion.Among them,the fodder documents in the four courier stations of Shishe,Liugu,Leishi,and Yinshan in Jiaohe Prefecture more completely reflect the officials’frequent visits on Beiting-Anxi transportation line from April to December in the 13th year of Tianbao period.In addition to the two Jiedushi Cheng Qianli and Feng Changqing,nine Dafu,fifteen Panguan and some other generals or officials of various titles are also recorded in the documents,reflecting the general features of the officials in Anxi and Beiting during the Tianbao period.More importantly,the documents also reflect the integration of military and political affairs of the two places after Feng Changqing concurrently served as Anxi and Beiting Jiedushi.According to the documents,in the 13th year of Tianbao period,Feng Changqing frequently traveled between Anxi and Beiting,deployed manpower and resources between the two places,and completed the western expedition and the conquest of Boxia,which are significant to understand the development of the Jiedushi system during the Tianbao period.