科罗拉多河水资源分配模式评析及其借鉴

Evaluation and reference of Colorado River water resources allocation model

在不同历史阶段,位于美洲的科罗拉多河适用多种基于特定目的的水资源分配模式。这些模式表现出早期社会水资源分配中水权私权性质的主导地位,主管部门运用经验主义的渐进立法模式,采取利益相关方广泛参与和协商的管理方式,践行体现社会公平的公平合理利用原则,促进了科罗拉多河水资源合理利用。从化解问题、开发利用和生态保护角度看,这些进程和模式的经验及教训对中国类似问题具有借鉴价值。有关主管部门需要建立全流域整体规划开发模式,建立健全跨境河流开发利用法律体系,与流域国建立专门的联合管理机构,并大力建设水利工程设施。

At different historical stages,the Colorado River in the Americas has various water resources allocation models based on specific purposes.These models showed the dominant position of the private nature o f water rights in the early social water resources distribution.The authorities used the empirical progressive legislative model,adopted the management mode of wide participation and consultation of stakeholders,practiced the principle of fair and rational utilization reflecting social equity,and promoted the rational utilization of Colorado River water resources.From the perspective of resolving problems,development and utilization and ecological protection,the experience and lessons of these processes and models can be used for reference to similar problems in China.The relevant authorities need to establish an overall planning and development model for the whole basin,establish and improve the legal system for the development and utilization of cross-border rivers,establish special joint management institutions with basin countries,and vigorously build water conservancy engineering facilities.