汽车前碰撞中仪表板对乘员的保护性研究

Research on Protection of Instrument Panel to Passenger in Frontal Impact of Vehicle

对汽车仪表板和仪表板横梁的结构进行研究,在提升汽车前碰撞对乘员保护性的前提下对其吸能效果进行优化。首先介绍了乘员损伤评价标准和影响损伤的各种因素;其次对各种气囊的保护性及不足之处进行了介绍,在此基础上提出了代替辅助气囊的仪表板乘员保护结构,并对该保护结构的变形量和吸能性进行了力学层面和设计方法上的分析;最后对比了安装膝部气囊和膝部吸能部件的2种仪表板的实车前碰撞试验结果,对今后的结构吸能性的优化设计和研究具有实际意义。

The structure of the instrument panel and the instrument panel reinforcement was studied,and its energy absorp-tion effect was optimized on the premise of improving the protection of the passenger in frontal impact of vehicle.Firstly,this paper introduces the evaluation criteria of passenger injury and various factors affecting the injury.Secondly,the protective properties and shortcomings of various airbags are introduced.On this basis,an instrument panel passenger protection structure is proposed to replace the auxiliary airbag.The deformation and energy absorption of the protective structure are analyzed in mechanics and design method.Based on the real vehicle frontal impact test,the results of two kinds of instrument panel with knee airbag and knee energy absorbing parts are compared,which has practical significance for the optimal design and research of structural energy absorption.