播种机组加种加肥参数与地块长度关系建模与试验

Modeling and Experiment on Relationship between Seed and Fertilizer Adding Parameters for Seeding Machinery Unit and Plot Length

加种加肥是播种机组必不可少的作业环节,研究播种机组加种加肥参数与作业单元地块长度间的定量关系,对客观分析加种加肥参数随地块长度变化规律、提高播种机组的时间利用率具有重要理论和实际意义。基于播种机组实际作业组织需求,提出加种加肥行程比α_(w)的概念,建立了3种加种加肥方式及有、无α_(w)条件下,播种机组加种加肥点间距离、加种加肥量、加种加肥次数和加种加肥总时间等随作业单元地块长度变化关系的数学模型;结合试验数据采用Matlab计算,分别确定了4种典型播种机组以单侧加种加肥方式作业时4个加种加肥参数随作业单元地块长度的变化规律;明确了有、无α_(w)条件下播种机组加种参数随地块长度均呈“两段一点”式变化规律;确定了当地块面积为5 hm^(2)时,单侧加种加肥方式作业条件下4种典型播种机组的加种参数不同段与其相同段的分界点及其可作业的地块长度上限点:约翰迪尔7830播种机组的地块长度段分界点为575 m、可作业地块长度上限点为1151 m,维美德171播种机组的分界点为438 m、上限点为1031 m,常发504播种机组的分界点为457 m、上限点为1035 m,黄海254播种机组的分界点为517 m、上限点为1035 m。研究结果完善了农业机组运用的相关理论,为有效提高机组的时间利用率及作业效率提供了理论和技术支撑,为播种机组作业规划、农业机械化高质量发展提供了科学依据。

The work of adding seed and fertilizer is an indispensable operation for seeding machinery unit.The research on quantitative relationship between seed or fertilizer adding parameters for seeding machinery unit and operational plot length is of great theoretical and practical significance to objectively analyze the regulars of seed and fertilizer adding parameters varying with plot length,and to improve the time utilization rate for seeding machinery unit.Based on the actual operation organization needs for the seeding machinery unit,the concept of the travel ratio of seed and fertilizer addingα_(w) was put forward,the mathematic models of the distance between two adjacent seed or fertilizer adding positions,seed or fertilizer adding amount,seed or fertilizer adding times,and seed and fertilizer adding time for seeding machinery unit varying with the parameters of operational plot length were established under the conditions of three adding seed and fertilizer modes and with or withoutα_(w).Combined with experimental data and Matlab software,the various regulars of four seed and fertilizer adding parameters varying with operational plot length were determined when four typical seeding machinery units were operated with adding seed and fertilizer at one side of the plot.Regulars of four seed adding parameters of seeding machinery unit with or withoutα_(w) all had a“two-ranges one-point”feature varying with plot length.When the plot area was 5 hm2,the demarcation points between the corresponding plot length ranges with different seed adding parameters and with the same seed adding parameters,and the upper limit points of plot lengths that can be operated by four typical seeding machinery units with adding seed and fertilizer at one side of the plot were determined:the demarcation point of John Deere 7830 seeding machinery unit was 575 m and the upper limit point was 1151 m,the demarcation point of Valtra 171 seeding machinery unit was 438 m and the upper limit point was 1031 m,the demarcation point of Changfa 504 seeding machinery unit was 457 m and the upper limit point was 1035 m,and the demarcation point of the Huanghai 254 seeding machinery unit was 517 m and the upper limit point was 1035 m.The research results can improve the relevant application theory of agricultural machinery unit,provide theoretical and technical support for effectively improving time utilization rate and operational efficiency,and provide scientific basis for operation planning for seeding machinery unit and high-quality developing of agricultural mechanization.