骨质疏松动物模型研究现状与进展

Research progress in osteoporosis animal modeling

骨质疏松(osteoporosis,OP)是一种常见的全身性骨骼代谢性疾病,可导致骨质脆性增加和骨折倾向,危害个人健康,加重社会公共医疗卫生负担。关于OP的科学研究离不开OP动物模型的构建,目前造模方法 主要包括诱导建模和基因工程建模两类。诱导建模包括手术诱导、药物诱导、饮食诱导、失用性诱导等,常用动物包括大鼠、小鼠、兔、羊、猪、狗、斑马鱼和非人类灵长类动物。基因工程建模则多通过基因编辑技术将外源性基因插入动物基因组或对动物自身基因进行突变、敲除、过表达等使得动物具有骨质疏松特性,目前常用动物有小鼠和斑马鱼。不同的动物模型和建模方法 各具优缺点,应综合考虑具体研究目的 和关键科学问题,建立最合适的OP动物模型。笔者主要对目前各种骨质疏松动物建模方法 及应用进行汇总梳理,以期为日后OP发病机制探索、药物筛选、防治手段等研究建模和实验设计提供参考。

Osteoporosis(OP)is a common systemic bone metabolic disease,which easily leads to the increase of bone fragility and fracture.It severely endangers our personal health and aggravates the burden of public health care.OP researches are emerging and tightly associated with the establishment of suitable osteoporotic animal models.Current modeling method include induction modeling and genetic engineering modeling.Induction modeling includes operation/drug/diet/induction on rats,mice,rabbits,sheep,pigs,dogs,zebra fishes,and non-human primates.In the genetic engineering modeling,genes are usually modified by means of gene editing techniques to shape model animals with osteoporotic characteristics,like mice and zebra fishes.Each animal model and modeling method has various advantage in certain studies regarding the research rationale and key scientific issue.In this review,various method of modeling as well as the application of osteoporotic animals are summarized and analyzed to provide references for future researches in the pathogenesis,drug screening,treatment and prevention of OP.