普外科手术患者术前心理困扰情况及其影响因素分析

Analysis of preoperative psychological distress and the influencing factors in patients undergoing general surgery

目的:通过调查普外科手术患者术前心理困扰情况,分析影响患者心理的相关因素。方法:于2021年1—3月期间采用便利抽样方法选取中国科学技术大学附属第一医院(安徽省立医院)普外科收治的177例手术患者作为调查对象进行问卷调查,问卷内容包括一般资料问卷、心理痛苦温度计和问题列表。本次调查共发放177份问卷,回收有效问卷177份,问卷有效回收率为100.0%。结果:177例普外科手术患者中,有98例患者的心理痛苦温度计得分≥4分,即心理困扰检出率为55.4%。年龄<60岁、夜间睡眠时长<7 h、陪护家属存在心理困扰、无合并症的患者心理困扰检出率较高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患者术前心理困扰的前5位问题分别为“担忧”“疼痛”“紧张”“经济问题”和“外表/形体”,其中“担忧”是造成患者术前心理困扰的最主要因素。结论:无论手术级别大小,医务人员均应耐心为患者进行详细的术前讲解,认真评估患者的心理状态,并关注年龄<60岁、睡眠质量较差、家属存在心理困扰和无合并症的手术患者。

Objective:By investigating the preoperative psychological distress of general surgery patients,to analyze the related factors affecting the psychology of the patients.Methods:From January to March 2021,the convenience sampling method was used to select 177 surgical patients in the Department of General Surgery in the First Hospital Affiliated to University of Science and Technology of China as the survey subjects for a questionnaire survey.The contents of the questionnaire included general information questionnaire,psychological pain thermometer and question list.A total of 177 questionnaires were distributed in this survey,177 valid questionnaires were recovered,and the effective recovery rate of the questionnaire was 100.0%.Results:Among the 177 patients undergoing general surgery,98 patients had a psychological distress thermometer score of≥4 points,that was the detection rate of psychological distress was 55.4%.The detection rate of psychological distress was higher in patients with age<60 years,night sleep<7 h,family members with psychological distress,and no complications,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The top five problems of the patients’preoperative psychological distress were“worry”,“pain”,“stress”,“economic problems”and“appearance/shape”,among them,"worry"was the most important factor causing preoperative psychological distress in patients.Conclusion:Regardless of the level of surgery,medical staff should be patient for patients with detailed preoperative explanation,carefully assess the psychological state of patients,and pay attention to patients less than 60 years old,poor sleep quality,family members with psychological distress and no complications.