热误差补偿功能在机床领域的应用

Application of Thermal Error Compensation Function in Machine Tool Field

随着机床零部件的精度越来越高以及数控系统控制的高速发展,使得几何误差对机床整体的精度影响越来越小。而现代加工机床的加工特点,长时间的处于高速切削和快速进给的状态下连续运转,由于机床运动部件产生摩擦热、切削热以及外部热源等会引起系统的热变形,造成机床床身和主轴丝杠等主要部件的快速升温,且受热不均匀,产生由于温度的变化导致的精度误差,在精密及超精密加工中,热误差的影响非常严重,占机床总误差的40%~70%。通过热误差补偿功能,在不改变机床结构的前提下,能大大提高机床的加工精度和稳定性。

With the increasing accuracy of machine tool parts and the rapid development of NC system control, the influence of geometric error on the overall accuracy of machine tool is becoming smaller and smaller. The processing characteristics of modern processing machine tools are that they operate continuously under the state of high-speed cutting and rapid feed for a long time. Due to the friction heat, cutting heat and external heat source generated by the moving parts of the machine tool, the thermal deformation of the system will be caused, resulting in the rapid temperature rise of the main parts such as the machine bed and the spindle screw, and the uneven heating, resulting in the accuracy error caused by the change of temperature, In precision and ultra precision machining, the influence of thermal error is very serious, accounting for 40% ~ 70% of the total error of machine tool.Through the thermal error compensation function, the machining accuracy and stability of the machine tool can be greatly improved without changing the structure of the machine tool.