“我叫你VP”的结构特征、语用类型及演化机理

Structural Feature,Pragmatic Type and Evolution Mechanism of Wo Jiao Ni(我叫你) VP

“我叫你VP”是汉语中的习语构式,表警告义与惩罚义且侧重于后者,具有言语警告、助力惩罚、埋怨作对、撒娇嗔怪四种语用类型。它是“叫”的“任凭”义参与的格式与特定语境相结合凝固成的一种构式。其生成过程可表示为“言语通知义”→“任凭义”→“警告义”→“惩罚义”。“任凭”参与的格式与特定语境相结合,通过语气对正在实施或意欲实施的行为进行“警告”,以制止或防止行为的继续或发生,进而通过言行或其他不利后果的呈现表示对无视警告即受话者继续实施或已经完成某行为的“惩罚”,因此“惩罚义”是“警告义”的自然延伸。

Wo Jiao Ni(我叫你)VP is an idiom-construction in Chinese,expressing warning-meaning and punishment-meaning and the latter is particularly inclined.There are four pragmatic types:verbal warning,help punishment,complaint and antagonism,coquetry mock-blame.It is a kind of construction that the format in which the meaning“allow”of Jiao(叫)participates which is combined with the specific context in which it often appears.The generation process can be expressed as“speech notification meaning”→“allowing meaning”→“warning meaning”→“punishment meaning”.The format in which“allow”participates is combined with its specific context,which gives“warning”to behaviors that are being implemented or intended to be carried out in order to stop or prevent the continuation or occurrence of the behavior through tone,and then show words and deeds or other adverse consequences as a punishment for ignoring warnings(the callee continues to implement or has completed),so“punishment meaning”is a natural extension of the“warning meaning”.