车辆机外尾气净化理论研究与装置设计

Theoretical Research and Device Design of Vehicle Exhaust Gas Purification

现代化生产水平提高的同时,环境问题也愈发严重。世界上中大型城市中,大气污染已成为主要的污染之一。大气污染物中颗粒物的一个重要来源就是柴油机尾气,尾气对环境的污染非常大,尤其对人体危害极大,因此柴油汽车机尾气的处理十分重要。从减少尾气中固体颗粒物排放的角度出发,通过分析尾气颗粒物的结构,提出相应的解决方法。设计思路是利用水膜对尾气颗粒物进行吸附收集,分析水在多孔介质中的渗流特点,运用达西定律对渗流进行计算。通过控制多孔介质的渗透特性来改变它的渗流,以此控制吸附面板上的水膜的形成。尾气颗粒物排放过程中,与水膜发生碰撞后形成固液混合物,固液混合物在重力作用下沉降到装置底部,达到了净化尾气颗粒物的效果。利用水膜吸附尾气颗粒物,在有效处理尾气颗粒物的同时,又对发动机排气系统背压影响小,节省能源且不对环境造成二次污染。

With the improvement of modern production level,environmental problems are becoming more and more serious.In the world’s medium and large cities,air pollution has become one of the main pollutions.An important source of particulate matter in air pollutants is diesel exhaust,which pollutes the environment very much,especially to human body.Therefore,the treatment of diesel vehicle exhaust is very important.From the perspective of reducing the emission of solid particulate matter in the exhaust gas,the corresponding solution is proposed by analyzing the structure of the exhaust gas particulate matter.The design idea is to use the water film to adsorb and collect exhaust particles,analyze the seepage characteristics of water in porous media,and use Darcy’s law to calculate the seepage.By controlling the permeation characteristics of the porous medium to change its seepage,the formation of the water film on the adsorption panel is controlled.During the discharge of exhaust particulate matter,it collides with the water film to form a solid-liquid mixture,and the solid-liquid mixture settles to the bottom of the device under the action of gravity,achieving the effect of purifying exhaust particulate matter.The water film is used to absorb the exhaust particles,which can effectively deal with the exhaust particles,and at the same time,and has little influence on the back pressure of the engine exhaust system,and can save energy and does not cause secondary pollution to the environment.