太子参收获机挖掘机构设计及分析

Design and analysis of harvester excavation mechanism of Radix Pseudostellariae

为减小福建地区山地环境下太子参收获机的挖掘阻力,设计一种具有振动功能的太子参挖掘机构。通过太子参的种植环境以及挖掘铲的受力分析,设计挖掘深度h、入土角β、挖掘铲刃口倾角θ、铲体长度L及其宽度b等主要技术参数。根据偏心机构与四杆机构运动学原理分析挖掘铲的运动特征,利用ADAMS软件对其进行运动学仿真。根据挖掘铲理论负载计算所得的法向力,进一步利用ANSYS有限元软件对挖掘机构的挖掘铲进行静力学分析。通过实地测试并监测不同工况下的挖掘阻力,验证振动挖掘机构的功能性与理论分析结果。结果表明:挖掘机构可以实现以正弦波为周期的往复振动。对挖掘铲面施加563.85 N的法向力,挖掘铲最大应力为141.87 MPa,小于45号钢的355 MPa,满足受力要求。实地测试结果表明:不同工况下振动挖掘阻力在1320 N和1583 N之间变化,小于无振动时的挖掘阻力1604 N,说明太子参振动挖掘具有减小挖掘阻力的作用。平均挖掘阻力为1458 N,与理论计算数据1505.181 N接近,进一步验证理论计算的合理性。

In order to reduce the digging resistance of Radix Pseudostellariae harvester under mountainous environment in Fujian province,a kind of excavating mechanism of Radix Pseudostellariae with vibration function was designed.Based on the analysis of the planting environment of Radix Pseudostellariae and the force of the digging shovel,the main technical parameters such as the digging depth h,the excavation angleβ,the cutting angleθ,the length L and the width b of the digging shovel were designed.According to the kinematics principle of eccentric mechanism and four-bar mechanism,the kinematic characteristics of excavator shovel were analyzed,and the kinematics simulation was carried out by ADAMS software.According to the normal force calculated by theoretical load of excavator,the statics analysis of excavator was carried out by using ANSYS finite element software.Through field testing and monitoring of excavation resistance under different working conditions,the functional and theoretical analysis results of vibration excavation mechanism were verified.The results showed that the mining mechanism can realize the sinusoidal wave reciprocating vibration.When 563.85 N normal force was applied to the excavation shovel surface,the maximum stress of the excavation shovel was 141.87 MPa,less than 355 MPa of 45 steel,which meet the stress requirements.The field test results showed that the vibration excavation resistance varies between 1320 N and 1583 N under different working conditions,which was less than the excavation resistance of 1604 N without vibration,indicating that the vibration excavation of Radix Pseudostellariae has the effect of reducing the excavation resistance.The average mining resistance was 1458 N,close to the theoretical calculation data of 1505.181 N,which further verifies the rationality of the theoretical calculation.