学龄前儿童握力发展特点及与体成分的相关性

Development of grip strength and its relationship with body composition in preschoolers

目的 了解学龄前儿童握力的发育特点,并探讨握力与身高、体重和体成分指标的相关性。方法 2020年9—10月,对北京4所幼儿园的900名学龄前儿童进行问卷调查,并进行身高、体重和握力测量,使用生物电阻抗方法检测体成分,采用偏相关、多元线性回归对握力与体成分指标的相关性进行分析。结果 北京学龄前儿童握力随年龄增长逐渐升高,男童由(5.2±1.7)kg增至(9.3±2.5)kg,女童由(4.3±1.6)kg增至(7.9±2.5)kg(F值分别为57.93,48.77,P值均<0.01),男童握力高于女童(t=6.42,P<0.01),肥胖男童握力高于超重和正常体重男童(F=5.35,P<0.01)。调整身高、体重、出生体重、母亲文化程度及过去1周家中进食各类食物频率后,男童握力与瘦体重、上肢肌肉量呈正相关,与体脂肪呈负相关(r值分别为0.11,0.09,-0.18,P值均<0.05);女童握力与体脂肪呈负相关,与瘦体重呈正相关(r值分别为-0.09,0.09,P值均<0.05)。多元线性回归分析发现,年龄、瘦体重和上肢肌肉量对男童的握力影响有统计学意义(F=66.75,P<0.01);年龄、瘦体重对女童的握力影响有统计学意义(F=150.81,P<0.01)。结论 学龄前期男童握力可以反映瘦体重和上肢骨骼肌水平的变化,女童可以反映瘦体重的变化。增加瘦体重可以提高学龄前儿童握力水平。

Objective To study the development of grip strength and its relationship with body weight, height and body composition in preschool children. Methods Data was collected from 900 children aged 3-6 years in 4 preschools in Beijing during Sept. to Oct. of 2020. A questionnaire survey(birth weight, dietary and exercise), height, weight, bioelectrical impedance analysis of body composition and dominant hand grip strength tests were conducted. Partial correlational analysis, multivariate linear regression were used for association between grip strength and body composition. Results The grip strength gradually increased with age, from(5.2±1.7) to(9.3±2.5)kg in boys(F=57.93, P<0.01), and from(4.3±1.6) to(7.9±2.5)kg in girls(F=48.77, P<0.01). Grip strength in boys were significant higher than that of girls(t=6.42, P<0.01). The grip strength increased with weight status in boys(F=5.35, P<0.01), with highest in obese group, followed by overweight and normal weight group. After adjusted for height, weight and birth weight, as well as maternal education, food consumption during the past week, grip strength in boys was positively correlated with fat-free mass, upper limb muscle mass(r=0.11, 0.09, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with body fat mass(r=-0.18, P<0.05). Grip strength in girls was negatively correlated with body fat mass, and positively correlated with fat free mass(r=-0.09, 0.09, P<0.05). Grip strength varied significantly by age, fat-free mass and upper muscle mass in boys(F=66.75, P<0.01), and by age and fat-free mass in girls(F=150.81, P<0.01). Conclusion The grip strength can partially reflect changes in fat-free mass for boys and girls, it also reflect changes in upper limb muscle mass for boys. Increases in fat-free mass helps grip strength improvement.