数据要素市场化配置的产权制度之理论思考

Theoretical Thinking on the Property Right System of the Market-Oriented Allocation of Data Production Factors

随着我国经济数字化转型步伐的不断加快,数据已然成为数字经济中最具时代特性的生产要素,但并非所有数据均可作为生产要素进行市场化配置,必须符合我国法定性要求、分类别加以限制才准予其进入市场通过价格机制交易配置。而完善的产权制度是推动数据要素市场化配置的基础性制度,应实现公平与效率价值取向的统一,并遵循界区明晰、竞争有序、安全发展、耦合协调的原则,构建静态确权、动态交易以及整体保护三方面的制度体系,以期解决我国目前数据产权制度中产权界定不明晰、交易规则不统一、保护体系不完善等问题,推动数据要素的开发利用,提升我国数字经济的发展质量。

With the continuous acceleration of China’s economic digital transformation,data has become the most characteristic production factor in the digital economy.However,not all data can be market-oriented configured as production factors.They must meet China’s statutory requirements and be restricted by category before they are allowed to enter the market and be configured through price mechanism.The perfect property right system is the basic system to promote the market-oriented allocation of data elements.It should comply with the unity of the value orientation of fairness and efficiency,follow the principles of clear boundaries,orderly competition,safe development and coupling coordination.The property right system should be constructed from three aspects:static right confirmation system,dynamic transaction system and overall protection system,so as to solve the problems of unclear definition of property rights,inconsistent transaction rules and imperfect protection system.On this basis,we should further promote the development and utilization of data elements and improve the development quality of China’s digital economy.